National Security in Jeopardy!

By

-

December 1, 2024

The world may be headed toward another major conflict. Whether it takes the shape of a world war or remains in multiple theaters of war in different regions is a matter of debate. What is concerning is that the opposing powers in the current world order tend to fight direct wars whenever possible. However, nation-states always have a tendency to shift to asymmetric methods in venues where a direct war is not feasible.

Asymmetric warfare leverages existing societal fault lines, leading to increased sectarian violence and chaos, particularly in regions like Pakistan.

Asymmetric warfare intends to focus on one’s own strengths while avoiding the enemy’s—often resulting in confusion for the opposing party. For instance, the conflict between Iran and its allies and Israel and its allies has primarily resulted in an attrition-based war. With no real possibility of maneuvering or surprise, no side can effectively overwhelm the other.

Therefore, both sides are capable of engaging in fierce combat, but none can secure a definitive victory. Another example is Pakistan, which, thanks to its nuclear weapons, can deter an adversary from direct conflict without even resorting to conventional warfare. Nuclear weapons have granted Pakistan the ability to inflict punitive punishment on any adventurous army.

Therefore, a natural choice for an adversarial general, strategist, or policymaker would be to leverage existing fault lines. Such an adversary actively fosters societal divisions and propagates hatred and blind animosity, particularly by misusing religion.

In recent weeks, sectarian tensions have risen in Pakistan, particularly in the Kurram district, where both Shias and Sunnis live. The Targeting a pilgrimage convoy, which resulted in the deaths of children, women, and the elderly, ignited tensions. response to this incident was an equally unfortunate retaliation against the Sunni population in and around Kurram.

The recent sectarian tensions in the Kurram district demonstrate how external influences can exacerbate internal divisions and ignite conflict.

This particular region of the country has become a hotbed of sectarian violence, attracting both Shias and Sunnis who are uncompromising. The word in the colloquial jargon is ‘Katar.’ The uncompromising and highly protective nature of the people in that area acts like fuel, only exacerbating the fire.

In Syria, militants who allege themselves to be Sunnis have resumed armed clashes with Syrian government forces, which are supported by Iran and Russia. Their presence is gradually growing in and around the cities of Idlib and Aleppo. Dozens of Syrian Army soldiers and an equal number of rebels have died in the ensuing onslaught.

The main concern here is not the active fighting going on in these two instances; rather, it is the inability to contain emotions, which are often not grounded in either reality or common sense, to that particular theater. Social media allows for the dissemination of sectarian hatemongering. The Shias and Sunnis of Parachinar may be fighting one another, but the Shia and Sunni of other parts of the country ultimately get involved, at least verbally, against one another.

Similarly, the insurgency in Syria has assumed a sectarian shape. People on X and Facebook, who belong to both sects, have been uttering nothing but poison—often resulting in both groups declaring the other heretics and sentencing each other to death.

Social media plays a critical role in spreading sectarian hatred, making it essential to analyze discourse on these platforms to understand the dynamics of modern warfare.

The fact that those who would like to leverage this unrest, can create even more hate among the people through the use of fake/pseudo and bot accounts whose sole purpose is to spit out propaganda. It is important to conduct a discourse analysis on internet platforms to understand the full scope of the enemy’s war. We live in a warzone where our minds serve as the battlegrounds, a fact that very few people realize.

It should now be clear that asymmetric war is upon us. The world itself is rapidly moving toward a possible all-out confrontation. It is therefore natural that we, too, should prepare for it. However, our war is not conventional in nature, making it highly unlikely that an army would invade us. But the threat of sectarian and ethnic conflict, if remained unchecked, will damage the country equally, if not more, than an invasion.

It is possible that the current developments in Syria are a continuation of the Israeli proxy war against Iran. Destabilizing Syria could result in Hezbollah losing its strategic supply lines from Iran. Syria also functions as a forward base for the Iranian and possibly Russian presence, with the aim of containing Israel and maintaining close supervision over it. The past few months have demonstrated that no side can win a conventional war, which is why sectarian violence has resumed in Syria.

To conclude, we are no new entrants to sectarian conflicts. Pakistan has suffered two decades of active sectarian strife throughout the country, resulting in the deaths of Shias and Sunnis. We can clearly see those foreign entities fuel most sectarian conflicts. We should immediately implement our conflict resolution and de-escalation mechanisms to limit the damage and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the country.

If anyone doubts this, they should examine how social media brought down decades-long-standing governments in the Arab world. It is disheartening that the average individual lacks the maturity to effectively filter through the content available on the internet. 9 out of 10 will just accept fake news and make it part of their belief. If the fake content is inflammatory, we are all well aware of the consequences.

Immediate conflict resolution mechanisms are necessary to address rising sectarian violence in Pakistan before it escalates further.

The government should at once mediate and bring about a long-term solution to the sectarian violence, especially in the Kurram area. If the fighting continues, it may spread to other parts of the country, which by then might be too late to contain. Secondly, the civil society, academia, and government policy apparatus should actively inculcate acts of tolerance and compromise in the people.

Sectarian violence is by and large the biggest national security threat to Pakistan, and countering it should be on the government agenda. It is not an outside force we need to fear but our own relentlessness, emotionalism to the degree of madness, lack of tolerance for others’ views, and a general disposition to say, “I’m right, you’re wrong.”.

Revolutionizing Peace over Chaos!

By

Muhammad Adnan Safdar

-

December 1, 2024

0

Good and bad, justice and injustice, peace and chaos have always remained firm and ground on earth since the recorded history of mankind. Some people learn from history while some don’t. There is an imminent need of strategical implications to be made for peaceful reformations where the high demand of unity among nation is the need of time.

If a nation fails to establish or maintain unity, this means a fall of the system which is upholding the nation. We can take a lot of examples from Pakistan’s neighbors like China and Afghanistan where through unity, they have achieved their suitable governmental structure that they have now.

The historical context of Pakistan reveals that unity among its diverse ethnicities is crucial for maintaining stability and governance.

It is a fact that Pakistan is diverse and contains various ethnicities, belief systems be it political or religious. Still there are a few things the nation unites upon. Figures like Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were beloved by majority due to their straightforward ideology and message to the nation.

Today, we Pakistanis have become dispersed, divided in chaotic beliefs. The reason we as a nation fail in many terms is disunity and lack of proper reason of ideology, that is that Pakistan is a nation built to be an example for all Muslim nations while implementing and experimenting Islamic thought. This ideology makes Pakistan a leader to all Muslim nations only of this is understood.

There is no doubt that Indian/Bharat funded elements play a vital role in destabilizing the country to the extent to the plan to break Pakistan into half. In Balochistan, KPK and Sindh we have open examples of Indian influence in terrorism and chaos. Illiteracy is another strong enemy of the state. Where politicians have intentionally kept the nation illiterate for the purpose of vote counts, which is among the biggest attacks to the nation.

External influences, particularly from India, exacerbate internal divisions and contribute to instability within Pakistan.

No doubt with pure education, the current democratic setup cannot remain whatsoever. The image of Pakistan’s military which has become massively damaged can still be recovered with just simple precautions, after all this is a matter of national security. The army has a duty, like all other institutions have duties, army’s role in securing nuclear however becomes invisible to the eyes of many, just as other high security precautions.

But only if security measures be taken against all kinds of pure terrorism within the country with a touch of a change/transition of cutrent democratic setup is enough to secure ot gain back army’s status, duty and social security. Just as all institutions are important, not all hold absolute authority.

The current setup of parliament is going to cause nothing but pain to all, even to the setup itself as it is already as of now. In the past, the nation has experienced a technocratic government, that is not the sole answer to all our problems. A disease needs modern cure. All knows that all need security, having military training for fifty million people is not a hard task, for now the security forces are capable of such tasks to train, but not all know that all can be trained, Israel is an example where almost all are trained.

There always is a sense and intelligence for forgiveness, but only to the cost of refining or re-application of past mistakes practiced by the regime. With great power comes sensitivity of actions, where actions are so vital, that can cause peace or instability depending upon the decisions made.

Education is essential for empowering citizens and reducing vulnerability to manipulation by corrupt politicians.

What the nation needs is mental and physical security. This current democracy is doing nothing but helping hands in destabilizing peace and security of all the nation which without a doubt has a huge cost of blood and disunity.

In war rooms, of calculated actions not be taken in this sensitive situation, blood and chaos is the only thing which is imminent. The world situation is not as peaceful as it seems, global destabilization is on the rise engined by Israel’s actions. Bloody eyes of Pakistan’s enemies are only waiting for the right time. Pakistan is not what actually matters, what matters is the idea of Pakistan, which is not usual.

Only if the security forces focus solely on security and physical stability militarily and new form of government be made to be separated on democratic structure and separate itself from the legal realm, would be the best thing for all. Corruption and traitors are present in all institutions, with them being unchecked, results only to instability, which is not good for either corruptors or to those upon whom injustice has been made.

A reformed democratic structure that emphasizes security and accountability can restore faith in institutions and promote national unity.

There is a no win for anyone if the destabilization of a nation is taken advantage of, and this is something many know about. Times of now, especially after the protest, people have come to realize that this is the way of pure revolution, while it is not. A true revolution is only through a peaceful process and does not always demand blood.

China’s Assertive Stance on Taiwan

By

Syeda Maria Mehmood

-

December 1, 2024

0

Taiwan has been a part of the cut-throat struggle for power in East Asia for quite some time, with its share of historical issues, nationalism, and international power politics. As one of the two Chinese republics that separated from the mainland in 1959, Taiwan sees itself as a shining beacon of democracy besides being an important hub of global technology because of its semiconductor industry.

Another important development related to Taiwan occurred on the 1st of January, 2024 when Xi Jinping gave an address promising that Taiwan would be reunited with China. Xi has managed to link the reunification with Taiwan as a core aspect of national rejuvenation, thus emphasizing a shift from pursuing strategic ambiguity towards an active and clear message.

Taiwan’s historical context is rooted in the Chinese Civil War, leading to its current status as a self-governing entity amidst claims from the PRC.

This shift has serious consequences for the United States and the US-led coalition as they will have to find a way to respond to China’s determined expansionism.

The Historical Context of Taiwan’s Dispute

The Taiwan issue can be traced to the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949), a war fought between the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party and the Communist Party of China, which emerged as the winner and founded the People’s Republic of China. Subsequently, Taiwan was invaded to create two Chinese nationalists who fought for competing ideas of “One China.”

Taiwan is now viewed as a rebellious province by the PRC, while, Taiwan’s Spanish has developed into an independent democratic state with its governing system and distinct identity. While the ‘One China’ policy was adopted by Beijing’s government, Taiwan received unofficial recognition and assistance from a number of Western countries, especially the US. Yet, this is a constant character of affairs that has brought relative order but is still based on thin ice.

Xi Jinping’s 2024 Speech: Marking a watershed Moment

As he spoke at the 2024 summit, Xi Jinping stated: that reunification is an integral part of China’s national destiny. He has also broken off the earlier rhetoric of preferring redress through negotiations. Now, he shows China’s will to resolve all issues that may be necessary, including force. This is a cut in China’s policy. There was no link before between Taiwan’s integration and Xi’s initiative of ‘the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation’ which is the focal point of his leadership.

Xi Jinping’s 2024 address marks a significant shift in China’s approach to Taiwan, emphasizing military options alongside diplomatic efforts.

Ever since Xi took over the leadership, he has emphasized Taiwan’s reunification, redirecting it from the historical context to the nation’s existing needs. This made sense at the time because China was trying to regain economic stability while also facing increased international criticism.

Regional Security and the Taiwan Strait

Xi’s comments have made the situation in the Taiwan Strait, which is already tense even more situated in East Asia, worse. Taiwan’s geographical position and its manufacturing supremacy in semiconductor technology make it a prize worth fighting for geopolitically in the region.

It is visible that Beijing’s activities around Taiwan including the unprecedented violation of Taiwan’s aerial defense identification zone have shown intentions to wield force. For Taiwan, this means a permanent threat, hence a rise in defense budgets and more strategic partnership with the US.

The situation in the Taiwan Strait poses threats not only to Taiwan but also to neighboring countries like Japan and South Korea, which rely on stable trade routes.

The consequences for the neighboring countries, which include Japan, South Korea, and Members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), are just as important. The currently occurring trade and supply chain network in the Taiwan Strait will be disrupted as a good share of the trade flows through these waters.

Besides, these countries are between a rock and a hard place in economic relations with China, and security dependency on the US forcing them to a very thin line.

The United States and Allied Responses

The American administration has been Taiwan’s most reliable security patron following the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 which obliges the US to assist Taiwan in its self-defense.

Recently, though this assurance has grown, with the US increasing arms exports to Taiwan and increasing their militaristic ties. Xi’s belligerence has resulted in a rare agreement among both parties in Washington to now enhance Taiwan’s defense, including advanced arms supplies and possibly even the stationing of American forces in a Taiwan conflict scenario.

The U.S. has increased arms exports to Taiwan and strengthened military ties with allies in response to China’s assertiveness in the region.

U.S. partners have not been left behind either, Japan and Australia in particular. Japan has described Taiwan as a core area that it must defend, while the AUKUS alliance has led to Australia strengthening its military ties with the US.

Again, it points to the fact that any tension within the Taiwan Strait may lead to the involvement of more than one great power, making what was simply a border dispute into something much larger than it is.

Economic and Geopolitical Ramifications

Taiwan’s case involves immediate security threats as well as economic and geopolitical concerns. More than 60% of the world’s total semiconductors are manufactured in Taiwan, with TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) being among the leaders in advanced chip production. This industry is at the heart of global technology supply chains, and any disruption to it will severely affect it.

Geopolitically, Chinese strength over Taiwan undermines the liberal international order that emerged after World War II. Beijing’s moves show that she is against the order championed by the US, while Taiwan has become a measure of international relations.

The strategic importance of Taiwan, particularly its semiconductor industry, makes it a focal point for geopolitical competition in East Asia.

Should China subdue Taiwan without facing any severe operational costs, it would encourage other repressive regimes to act similarly, thereby eroding the concepts of territorial integrity and self-rule.

The Path Forward

It would take a careful measure with the aim of moderating conflict in the Taiwan Strait. For China, this involves using military power which brings the risk of economic sanctions, international ostracism, and prolonged warfare that may cause unrest domestically. For the U.S. and its allies, there is the threat of inciting Beijing by taking over commitments in the defense of Taiwan.

The potential for conflict in the Taiwan Strait could disrupt global supply chains and escalate tensions between major powers, impacting international relations.

It is important to settle the dispute involving not just the U.S. and China but also other states within the region such as Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. CBMs such as resuming high levels of dialogues and accords pertaining to military configuration may enhance stability.

In addition, measures that are geared towards increasing Taiwan’s capacity to withstand attacks such as in economic, political, and military terms may also act as deterrents without raising negative confrontational scenarios.

Conclusion

The conflict over Taiwan caused by Xi Jinping’s policies marks a defining moment in the geopolitics of East Asia. Having set the historical context, that reunification is inevitable, Taiwan’s Strait has been brought to high levels of stress by Beijing, which poses grave threats to both regional and global peace and security.

While the United States and its allies are responding to this threat, the scope of concern goes further than Taiwan as it involves competitive interactions over the international order. This challenge will be met with the use of deterrent capabilities, diplomatic measures and multilateral efforts to foster peace in one of the most volatile parts of the world.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

New Equations in Syria

By

Muhammad Hussain Baqeri

-

November 30, 2024

0

The fighting in northern Syria has reached a critical stage, and the city of Aleppo, one of the main bases of the Syrian government and the Axis of Resistance, is on the verge of collapse. This development results from a series of regional and international factors that have weakened the position of the Axis of Resistance in Syria. I am trying to provide a detailed analysis of these developments.

Iran’s map reading and the beginning of changes:

In the final weeks of the Lebanon-Israeli war, Iranian intelligence analysis indicated that Turkey intended to play a pivotal role in the developments in Syria. Ankara was trying to create buffer zones to confront Kurdish groups by expanding its influence in northern Syria. This plan was designed to create a “Turkish sphere of influence” and pave the way for a broader military presence.

Realizing this, Iran tried to dissuade Turkey from this path through diplomatic measures and political pressure. Ali Larijani’s visit to Damascus and Iran’s green light to Hezbollah for a ceasefire were part of these measures. However, Turkey’s stubbornness and Erdogan’s emphasis on long-term goals prevented these efforts from achieving the desired results.

The situation on the ground: The imminent fall of Aleppo:

The city of Aleppo, once Syria’s economic and strategic heart, has almost completely fallen. The forces defending Syria, especially the foreign proxy forces of Iran, i.e., Fatemiyoun and Zainabiyoun, were unable to effectively resist the advance of armed groups due to a lack of equipment and reduced operational capacity.

According to field reports:

The defense lines of Aleppo have almost been destroyed, and the Syrian army is retreating to Al-Safira.
Armed groups such as Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, with direct support from Turkey, have made extensive advances in the Aleppo countryside.
The plan to defend the city has become impossible due to the lack of coordination of the army command and the weak equipment of the resistant forces.

Reasons for changing the equations in the last 72 hours:

The rapid rotation of the field equations is the result of a set of factors:

Israeli airstrikes: Israel’s continuous attacks on Iranian advisory bases and Syrian military infrastructure have made it challenging to transfer new equipment and forces to the battlefield and have weakened the Resistance in Syria.
Reduction in Russian air support: Russia’s involvement in the Ukrainian war has caused Moscow to minimize its ability to provide air support to the Syrian government, which has reduced the Syrian army’s maneuverability.
Lack of coherent command in the Syrian army: The Syrian army, especially in Aleppo, faces structural weaknesses and a lack of command coherence, which has led to the rapid collapse of defense lines.
Turkey’s logistical support for armed groups: Turkey has not only provided financial and weapons support to groups opposing the Syrian government but has also facilitated their advance by sending military advisors to the field.

Scenarios Ahead:

The possible fall of Aleppo and the expansion of the influence of armed groups to other areas have put the Syrian government and the resistance axis in a critical situation. In such a situation, the following scenarios are conceivable:

Creating an alliance between the Syrian government and Kurdish forces: The Syrian government can encourage the Kurdish forces to cooperate in confronting terrorists by making proposals such as political participation and sharing resources. This alliance can bring new forces to the field.
Strengthening defense lines in vital areas: Although the resistance axis does not have enough time for rapid reconstruction, it must focus on vital areas such as Damascus and Homs to prevent the terrorists from advancing.
Strengthening coordination between Iran and Russia: The resistance axis should bring Moscow’s air and ground support back to the battlefield through negotiations and pressure on Russia.

Regional consequences of changing equations

If the Resistance Axis fails to take control of the situation, the following consequences will be inevitable:

Turkey will expand its influence deep into northern Syria and ultimately limit the presence of the Kurds by creating a buffer zone.
Israel will try to change the balance of power in favor of the opponents of the Resistance Axis by continuing its airstrikes.

Conclusion:

Recent developments in northern Syria are the product of intense competition between regional and international actors. This crisis indicates the need to review the strategies of the Resistance Axis and make rapid and strategic decisions to prevent Syria’s complete collapse. The future of the Resistance will depend on the speed and accuracy of these decisions.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

India’s Shifting Global Narrative

By

Sadia Zahra

-

November 30, 2024

0

India has always aspired to a seat at the global table. It has tried to assert its importance as a rising global power by projecting its gigantic market, geopolitically-significant location, cultural soft power, etc to build credibility and space in global forums and bilateral partnerships. But that well-rehearsed image is increasingly out of step with troubling events. Accusations of extraterritorial assassinations, predatory foreign policy jockeying, and ongoing human rights abuses cloud its international image. These problems have called into question India’s democratic ideals and its capacity to lead the Global South.

India’s image as a rising global power is tarnished by accusations of extraterritorial assassinations and human rights violations.

Consequently, Modi’s administration in the consolidation of domestic and foreign policy priorities had deteriorated relations with some of its crucial partners and compromised its reliability. It is, thus, fed to the apprehensions about its dictatorial inclinations and the diminishing democratic fabric, therefore, requires a reconfiguration of the international affiliations of India. If this trajectory persists unabated, India’s dream of leading the world might soon become a reality only in the negative sense because it might find itself in a lonely puddle as more and more countries join a new order that is already taking shape in reconfiguring the world.

Recent accusations of India’s being involved in plots to assassinate individuals abroad, including the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada and an alleged attempt on the life of Gurpatwant Singh Pannun a Khalistani separatist in the United States have for the first time touched unprecedented diplomatic tensions. It is an international norm-breaking activity and undermines the mutual trust essential for strong bilateral as well as multilateral relationships. In taking steps, in the course of engaging in covert operations resembling authoritarian rule, India endangers democracy and invites a stronger global public spotlight. It does not take more than a moment before repercussions materialize including the expulsions from Canada and India, while Washington has put on notice such practice.

Even as India deepens its focus on its strategic interests through domestic and foreign policy, it leaves behind old friends, endangering the prospect of attaining leadership stature in the Global South. The decline in trust in India’s democratic standing and upsurge of apprehension of the signs of authoritarianism are already generating reconsideration of the country’s foreign relations. This trend becomes problematic when one takes into account that India’s awakening economic and geo-political ambitions rely on its ability to preserve and strengthen its relationships with willing partners and effectively compete with the authoritarian giant next door – China.

The Modi administration’s consolidation of power has strained relationships with crucial partners, raising concerns about its democratic integrity.

What was once the beacon of democratic progress and pluralism is now shrouded in growing fears of internal repression and aggressive external posturing. This shift goes against the very narrative that has propelled India’s global rise. If New Delhi continues down this path, it risks undermining the values it once championed, eroding its soft power, and alienating crucial allies. The consequences could be severe, leaving India increasingly isolated in a rapidly shifting world order, unable to effectively assert its influence or fulfill its ambitions on the global stage.

These trends are not being created in a vacuum. Indian foreign policy decisions, as it has refused to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and increasingly aligned itself to the authoritarian regimes, the relationship with Western allies, India now risks losing such privileged position it once seemed to enjoy against China’s increasing might. Ideological fissures between the U.S. and Europe have exposed fault lines in what was supposed to be a robust strategic partnership. Erosion of trust in India’s commitment to democratic principles is starting to dilute its influence in international forgeries and weakening claims to leadership in the liberal world order.

In terms of trade, such political and diplomatic changes pay tribute. The disagreements escalated to Canada have given people reasons to believe that they will cut down on the amount of business they engage in with Indians. Second, the examples of the Indian tycoon, Gautam Adani, may indicate that the intentions of the U.S. are not limited to the Indian businesspersons who promoted fraud, but any person in India who is involved in business. Indian as well as global companies may be reluctant to invest their capital and time into projects thereby threatening India’s plans for development. Thus pinning such risks undermines New Delhi’s drive to portray itself as a desirable economic partner in a fast-growing international marketplace.

India’s refusal to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine highlights ideological fissures with Western allies, diminishing its influence in international forums.

The decisive domestic and international policies of the Modi government are reshaping India’s image, though not necessarily in the direction its strategists intended. Instead of being celebrated as a democratic powerhouse in the Global South, India is now being compared to regimes that prioritize authoritarianism over accountability. The international community is watching keenly to see if India can turn the tide by taking substantial steps to mend its broken human rights record, respect the norms of international society, and regain the trust of its strategic partners.

If New Delhi fails to realign itself, it threatens to isolate itself in a world where alliances and partnerships matter more than ever. Its ambitions as a world leader, in both economic and political terms, depend on its ability and willingness to live up to the democratic values that it claims to stand for. The clock is now ticking—just before it becomes too late.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

The Love Lost – Unravelling of the Abraham Accords and Israel Missteps

By

Amna Khaishgi

-

November 29, 2024

0

Israel has not lived up to the Abraham Accords spirit and is set to suffer its consequences…

When the Abraham Accord was announced in the summer of 2020, the Muslim world was in flux. Many questions confronted it, and the answers were few and far between. Amid this confusion and chaos, some Gulf and Arab countries decided to establish diplomatic relations with Israel. However, in a matter of years, even before this love could blossom, like a narcissistic lover, Israel destroyed the relationship in its infancy. More importantly, it doesn’t seem to realize the scale of its loss.

The Abraham Accords marked the first normalization of relations between Israel and Arab countries since the 1990s.

The Abraham Accord unraveled dramatically as a series of agreements between Israel and several Arab nations in the Middle East. These agreements were brokered by the United States under President Donald Trump’s first administration and were announced in August 2020. These historic agreements represented the first normalization of relations between Israel and Arab countries since Israel’s peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994.

It started with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain signing the accords, officially recognizing Israel and establishing diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties on September 15, 2020. The ceremony was held at the White House. Sudan and Morocco also agreed to normalize relations with Israel later. The term “Abraham Accord” was chosen to reflect the shared patriarchal figure of Abraham in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions, symbolizing the aim of fostering religious coexistence and cooperation.

The strategic vision motivating the Arab countries to join the Accords was a nuanced recognition of the Middle East’s shifting geopolitical realities. It envisaged the Accords to foster economic diversification, invite foreign investments, and establish the UAE as a regional diplomatic and financial hub. The UAE anticipated reaping its multifaceted benefits, including technological collaboration, enhanced security cooperation against regional threats like Iran, and access to new markets.

The Abraham Accords were considered a new paradigm for peace and cooperation in the Middle East. They initially promised to reshape the region’s geopolitical landscape and fostered diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties. More importantly, they appeared to diminish long-held hostilities, and presenting a united front against common regional threats (such as Iran).

The agreements aimed to foster economic diversification and establish the UAE as a regional diplomatic hub.

However, Israel’s brutal Gaza war since October 2023 has changed these dynamics. It has destroyed the efforts that participating Arab Muslim countries put in to give Israel a chance at peace. Besides the tragic scale of devastation and loss of Palestinian lives, the conflagration has made Israel suffer immensely if one chooses to look at it from an international strategic perspective. It has caused Israel’s regional isolation and enhanced its security challenges, which have economic ramifications and implications for broader Middle Eastern diplomacy formulations.

Israel desperately wanted the Abraham Accords. It realized that no matter how developed and prosperous a country becomes, it will suffer if it does not have friends in its neighbourhood. Indeed, this only enhances its diplomatic and strategic isolation. The Abraham Accords were the perfect scripted love letter that allowed Israel to gain new regional partners, most notably the UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco.

The Accords allowed Israel to establish diplomatic ties with the Arab and Muslim worlds. The region’s prevalent anti-Israeli narrative, which had limited Israel’s participation in regional forums, got mellowed down. The delayed or prevented collaboration on critical issues such as security, energy, and water resources got a new boost. This far, any leverage Israel may have garnered from its formal diplomatic ties had been undermined.

The Abraham Accords promised significant economic collaboration for Israel; facilitating trade, promoting tourism, and encouraging investment. Cooperation in technology, agriculture, and water conservation presented opportunities for its companies to access new markets and develop joint ventures bolstering economic growth.

Since Gaza’s devastation, Israel stands to lose from the neighbouring markets and partnerships perspective. It has adversely affected the Israeli economic sectors that had planned for expanded trade. The decline in tourism from Arab states, which blossomed due to the Abraham Accords, could notably impact Israel’s service industry, including hospitality and retail. For global investors, adverse perception dampens sentiments and shows the region as unpredictable and unstable, further affecting Israel’s economic prospects.

Israel’s Gaza war in October 2023 significantly altered the dynamics of the Accords, leading to regional isolation.

The Abraham Accords formed part of a broader strategic effort, championed by the United States, to promote regional stability and counter malign influences. Conversely, their failure causes a vacuum, escalating geopolitical rivalries without a framework for resolution or even dialogue. This could complicate and prolong regional conflicts, with potential global repercussions.

The United States and other Western countries, almost blindly sympathetic toward Israel, may also find their roles challenged as the region’s peace brokers. They might reassess military aid and diplomatic support if regional instability impacts their national interests or becomes unpopular domestically due to continued hostilities due to Israeli actions or policies.

The failure of the Abraham Accords could impose significant security, economic, and diplomatic costs on Israel. At its best, the Accords presented an unprecedented opportunity to redefine Israel’s regional role and relationships. However, the love story that started with lots of promises has undone in one year everything it promised since its launch. History will remember these four years as the lost opportunity. Israel must take the blame and responsibility for the destruction.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

Women of Valour: The Quest for Empowerment

By

Fauzia Yazdani and Mehr Hussain

-

November 29, 2024

0

The Digital Census 2023 informed that the population in Pakistan stands at 241.4m and is growing at the rate of 2.55%. The gender ratio stands at 1.06 with 124.32m (51.48%) males and 117.15m (48.51%) females. Transgenders are reported at 20,331 in 2023 as compared to 21,774 in 2017 which is a clear anomaly.

If women are 50% of the population then they are an equal and undeniable majority so stop labelling women as a “marginalised group”.

Without a shadow of a doubt, women remain a vulnerable group. They have been systematically pushed out of public spaces, denied leadership positions, and not even considered equal rights holders. This has not happened by default but most certainly by design.

Political power brokers in close cooperation with religious power holders have successfully established and maintained a stagnant and ever regressive gender normative framework despite progressive legislation and affirmative actions.

This socio-religious construct legitimized the position of females as an inferior being, with limited rights, and no voice, choice, and/or consent, all of which have not only internalized misogyny and upheld the patriarchy but have destroyed our institutional systems, processes, and practices.

The word Feminism – which stands for equal rights – has since been turned into a slur representing Western agendas and labeling women propagating it as being ‘characterless’. The media especially the entertainment industry instead of being a harbinger of progressive change have since been delivering this regression to each household that justifies character assassination to violence against women.

Pakistan’s feminist history is rich with strong voices that have consistently and steadily fought against the State and society for the advancement of Pakistani society at large, the empowerment of women, and gender equality.

However, the one constant that has remained and has been faced by Pakistani women – whether feminist or not – is the backlash, which has gotten uglier. Social media is a platform for amplification and the anonymity factor enables rampant abusiveness.

Today, digital violence not only validates physical violence but gives it social acceptability. A handful of feminists – activists turned into groups, organizations and now collectives – continue to raise their voices and fight back but the question arises: Till when? And where, if at all, will it end?

The first wave of feminism can be tracked pre to post Partition in 1947 when women of nobility equally participated in political processes at public spaces towards the making of Pakistan.

Post Independence, their role became stronger as they became part of politics, diplomacy, community engagement, and humanitarian support for refugees’ settlement and rehabilitation. Political events soon fell prey to palace intrigues that were complicated by Quaid-e-Azam’s early demise in 1948.

At that time the names of Fatima Jinnah, Rana Liaqat Ali Khan, and Shaista Ikramullah, were on equal political footing. Unfortunately, post-independence, the role of women in active politics gradually started to fade away both by design and default.

The plethora of issues faced by Pakistan in 1947, both as a nation and as citizens, did not manifest into a mainstream role for women in public life, social settings, and politics. The creation of Pakistan was a passionate struggle with the equal support of women, but post-mission accomplishment palace intrigues not only initiated political instability but also edged out politically active women.

Despite challenges, feminist women contributed to our constitutional and electoral developments. The first Constituent Assembly had two women representatives, Shaista Ikramullah and Jahanara Shahnawaz. The Constitution Committee of 1972 had three ladies, Nasim Jahan, Mrs. Jennifer Qazi, and Begum Ashraf Abassi, as its members.

Taking a long challenging road we have had a female prime minister and speaker of the National Assembly that created social ripples. Yet only 23% of women are documented in the workforce; 53% of women have had no education; the Maternal Mortality Rate of 186 is the highest in the region; 28% have been facing violence since the age of 15; and 53% justify spousal violence.

Women’s feminist collectives have over the years seen activists like Asma Jehangir to Nighat Dad and organizations such as the Women’s Action Forum (WAF) to Aurat March. Numerous women and human rights defenders have been the torchbearers and voices for the voiceless. They have courageously challenged the State, right-wingers, and religious interest groups despite being gassed to being beaten by batons, and arrested.

They continue to be a formidable opponent to social regression that power brokers legitimize using religion. They laid the foundations and are strengthening not only women’s collective but also striving for voice, choice, and agency for women and gender equality sans any discrimination.

Feminists in Pakistan continue to face accusations of being a ‘western agenda’. The description ‘anti-Islam’ was a dangerous one and many lives were at risk. Space for anything that did not fall within the realm of Islam – a very narrow version of it was acceptable – was viewed with suspicion and hostility.

Women in leadership roles even at the level of the Prime Minister’s office not only faced it but were straight-jacketed to tread carefully on this razor-thin line. At the social activism level feminist women were labeled characterless, obscene (fahaash) and prostitutes.

The backlash at the societal and normative framework level consent, rights, voice, and agency for women, in both public and private spheres, got synonymized as a threat to our Eastern cultures, and religious values and a recipe for moral degeneration. It impacted women and girls’ right to education, health, economic empowerment, and even life. Sexual crimes, abuse, and violence against women got impunity by being constructed in causal relation to honor.

The term ‘NGO Aunty’ – affiliated with a Western agenda and anti-Islam – was coined as a means to insult the women and groups that attempted to debunk politics and the political economy of such regressive mindsets to its religious legitimization. Public and social discourses were flooded with sexual innuendos to the extent that they compromised the mobility and safety of women. The use of derogatory language against women in politics and the construct of violence and honor crimes lead to reduced space for women in public spaces, as role models, and equals.

Social change does not take effect in a vacuum. The struggle for women’s empowerment to gender equality evolved and could result in affirmative actions (legislation policies) but societal and normative frameworks remained unaddressed which deepened the divide between action and impact.

The socio-cultural normative frameworks consisting of vocabulary and practices have sapped women’s ‘consent’ and ‘right to life’ and placed females as second-rated inferior beings that are to be controlled by men at the individual, family, community, and state levels.

Women who challenged the patriarchy via access to male-controlled public spaces and the male gaze were labeled as Awaara. Media, entertainment industry, and social media solidified such a mindset as a ‘social right’ and all other voices got labeled as ‘social evils’. It generously distributed the title of bad women/ Awaara/ characterless for women in the public sphere beyond the controlled movement of home to school/work.

On the other side women activists and collectives – with donor support and thanks to international obligations – continued to carve space for women’s voices, presence, and perspective as mandatory.

Digital technologies and spaces have contributed to both public and policy discourse as a democratizing medium where everyone has an equal say and can interact directly. Offline hatred has found its way into the digital realm. Social media and digital spaces on the one hand help amplify the cause but on the other hand, also strengthen critics.

The presence of women in public spaces – in a protest or political rally or to celebrate Women’s day is viewed as being a club of ‘bad girls’ who wish to be promiscuous.

Use of language is used to nit-pick and malign women and its causes. The debate around the word ‘sinf’ and ‘jins’ is a prime example. When translated into English both mean gender yet one is considered apt to describe biological gender and the latter as a sexual reference.

Women in politics and media have also faced similar fate by being abused on the floor of the House, catcalled in political rallies and their pictures and videos photoshopped and abused to the desire of anyone’s heart. Social media has clubbed sexual slurs, rape threats, and revenge porn with terms like NGO Aunty, anti-Islam, and Western agenda to demean any and all feminist voices. Moral policing and religious batons adorned with blasphemous nails come out instantly if anyone dares to not conform to the mainstream normative framework of ‘controlled and captive women’.

Yet when it comes to women’s empowerment, gender equity and equality, it has become an unchecked/free range for hate speech and Tech Facilitated Gender Violence (TFGBV). It is quick to label any voice and person to not only push her into self-censorship but to the extent of jeopardizing her life.

Simultaneously, it unveils social and societal hypocrisies at the individual, community, and State levels when women exert consent and control over their lives, bodies, and choices. The prime example is that of Qandeel Baloch – she was producing content around her body exerting her choice and control on life. It was labeled ‘unacceptable’ by society despite being readily consumed by millions in society which was her source of earning. In doing so, she ruffled politico-religious interest groups and unveiled their hypocrisy.

Her earnings from a non-kosher act were deemed kosher by men of the family (brother and father) as long as it fed them. But when she wanted to remarry and live a private life with a husband, her brother killed her because she wouldn’t be able to bring home the money. It was labeled an honor killing, a term used when a girl was accused of behaving unacceptably.

As the world deliberates Beijing+30 – we debate over whether feminist is a slur or a mandatory thought process to enable 50% of Pakistan to move forward for equitable national progress.

All our gains have been nullified by having not worked on normative barriers that still profess and make society believe that girls are a waste of investment & burden on the natal family to be undone by marital family; education will make girls characterless; child marriage is key to sexual security of a girl; reproductive health of a woman is inconsequential and nothing to do with population control; the impact of climate and conflict are gender blind; and Feminism means faahashi.

It is on the State to question why it has failed Pakistani women and girls. As more and more women pick up the mantle from all walks of life and either fix the mess left by history or plug in what is essentially a sinking ship, they give the country its substance. Yet repeatedly ostracised, the indifference with which women operate is their strength. The loss is that of the male gender who remains caught in self-created cycles of abuse and oppression, out of which none has emerged a hero in the gender war. Truly, it is time Pakistan recognized that Pakistani women are its pride.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

Book Review- Arms Control at a Crossroads: Renewal or Demise?

By

Aroona Khan

-

November 28, 2024

0

The book “Arms control at Crossroads: renewal or demise” has been edited by Jeffery A. Larsen and Shane Smith. The book presents 16 analyses by respected experts who probe the editors’ view which discuss the role of arms control in the previous ages as well as in the recent era. The authors argued about the renewal and demise of arms control in the recent age as they raised the question “Is arms control dead?” they argued to find the answer. According to them “formal treaty-based arms control is likely coming to an end but the need to prevent nuclear war will remain”.

The authors argued about the importance of arms control in the recent age and claim that “arms control over the next generation will look different than it has over the past half-century”.

According to the editors, they want to introduce the new generation to the theories of arms control, its past values, norms, and culture. They also want to shed light on the importance of arms control in recent ages. For this purpose, they have provided a collection of such prestigious chapters that are helpful in understanding the traditional norms and culture of arms control.

The book poses the critical question: “Is arms control dead?” while arguing that its future will differ significantly from the past.

The book also defines what arms control is and its relationship with the concept of cooperative security. They explain it in a way that increases curiosity in the mind of a reader. The reader feels satisfied with the answers that arise in one’s mind as the book is well in maintains the sequence initially, the editors have tried to make the new reader familiar with the idea of what is arms control and what is its importance in the whole scale of national and international security.

They also elaborate on the concept of disarmament and its failure in controlling the arms race in the Cold War era which ultimately led to the approach of arms control in the 1960s as a more realistic approach to security. Disarmament has been redefined as an approach to the theme of a world without nuclear arms. According to the editors, this has become clear that a full-scale disarmament of nuclear weapons is not possible, and it now has become a reality in the international system. So, disarmament now focuses on controlling nuclear weapons and bounding their use.

In this book, it has been argued that the world community is required to shift traditional approaches to arms control such as arms control treaties and negotiations to nuclear risk reduction, crisis management, data exchanges, confidence and security-building measures, and stability dialogues. Furthermore, to make these approaches successful, it is necessary, that Russia should be treated as a normal power and that China may be adjusted in international order according to its economic and military strength.

It also argues that for achieving strategic stability, arms control approaches can be used in various ways such as establishing a collaborative security framework and establishing people-to-people contact. This book also discusses that arms control measures and treaties have achieved a lot in the past but in the recent age, so many new technologies are emerging, that may have a destabilizing effect on strategic stability.

States are required to focus and keep certain limits on such technologies including cyber and space-based assets. This book also explains the policies of great powers on arms control. It states that for many years, the United States has successfully achieved its security objectives by negotiating different measures and agreements relating to arms control and succeeded in strengthening deterrence. But in the contemporary strategic landscape, the United States domestic politics is divided, and there is no proper consensus among the elites for achieving security by arms control.

Editors emphasize that formal treaty-based arms control is likely coming to an end, but the necessity to prevent nuclear war persists.

The United States and Russia’s approaches towards arms control are different. Both sides have divergent views on ballistic missile defense shields, tactical nuclear weapons, and conventional weapons. Since, 2022, Russia is not participating in the New Start treaty aimed at former military support to Ukraine. It seems that in the future, any kind of arms control discussions between the two sides will be more complicated and complex.

This book also elaborates on ongoing military competition between the U.S. and China and its negative repercussions on arms control approaches. In the past, arms control approaches were used to manage great power military competitions and arms races. In the current strategic environment, it is necessary that great powers are required to adhere to restraint policies and accommodate each other’s interests.

Such policies may lead to creating a conducive environment for conducting any meaningful arms control treaties among the great powers in the future. Furthermore, for preventing nuclear proliferation, it is important that the U.S. continue to provide extended deterrence to Japan and South Korea.

In the backdrop of increasing military competition among the great powers, some scholars also suggest conducting trilateral arms control treaties or measures. They also suggested establishing a trilateral nuclear crisis communication system.

The authors of this book also suggest that the United States can opt meaningful arms control treaty with China and Russia if it offers certain arms control measures on its existing anti-ballistic missile defense shield. Similarly, Russia and China can also make arms control measures more complicated if they demand certain measures on the part of states like France, Britain, and India. Furthermore, great powers have incentives to conduct arms control measures on offensive weapons like MIRVs, intercontinental glide vehicles, and anti-ballistic missile shields.

This book also discusses that ongoing military competition among the great powers can compel regional states to develop their own independent nuclear weapons program due to increasing security threats.

The authors advocate for a shift from traditional arms control treaties to nuclear risk reduction and confidence-building measures.

In this edited book, different authors covered most aspects of arms control which range from the historical usefulness of arms control measures during the Cold War era to contemporary times. However, unlike in the past, the global strategic landscape is characterized by multipolarity. It was easier for superpowers to manage their competition during the Cold War era. However, due to the characteristics of multipolarity, managing increasing military competition is not only difficult but it is more complex and complicated.

Furthermore, this book suggests various ways to make arms control meaningful and effective in contemporary times. However, it paid less attention to offensive military doctrine and the military posture of great powers. Particularly states like the United States and Russia are adhering to offensive military doctrine and posture. Such developments increase security threats to their competitors. In arms control measures offensive military doctrine and posture should also be the focus.

This book also does not discuss the role of great powers in promoting a global competitive strategic environment. Particularly in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific. To have successful arms control treaties and measures, the great powers must promote a cooperative global strategic environment with more integration, interdependence, and global trade.

The ongoing military competition among great powers could compel regional states to pursue their own nuclear weapons programs, increasing global security threats.

Finally, this book did not highlight the consequences of the role of domestic politics in the United States. If in the future, Trump came into power, the existing international order might be on shaky ground. Trump has already declared that the United States may abandon its allies, and may withdraw extended deterrence. In such a scenario, there will be more nuclear proliferation and more military competition and arms race. Such trends can also lead to even war.

However, the authors are optimistic about the value of arms control and say that political leaders one day will again see arms control as a primary tool to manage the arms race and crises.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

West Asia’s Transformation: China’s Strategic Engagement vs. U.S. Legacy

By

Bilal Hyder

-

November 28, 2024

0

China’s growing political and economic involvement in West Asia is proving to be a game changer for the region. Throughout the last 2 decades, the U.S. has maintained its influence, presence, and power over the majority of West Asia’s political, economic, and military affairs. The presence of the U.S. has taken the region back hundreds of years as the enmity, chaos, instability, and terrorism have only spiked since 2003.

For instance, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and even states like Pakistan and Afghanistan – which fall in the broader categorization of West Asia – were affected because of the invasion which caused instability and intensified the working and resurfacing of extremist organizations as they used Western intervention as a pretext to operate, mobilize and function.

China’s engagement in West Asia is seen as a catalyst for regional stability, contrasting with the destabilizing effects of U.S. interventions.

The U.S. war on terror killed some 4.5 million deaths in these countries. Additionally, the resurfacing of these terrorist organizations which later were also supported and financed by the U.S. in Syria and other parts, and the involvement of the U.S. itself caused thousands of deaths, toppled governments, and created and worsened already crippling economic conditions of the region.

The U.S. involvement and the rise of the worst kind of terrorist groups such as ISIS in Syria were supported by the U.S. in the region to dominate the region and extract its resources contributing to the loss of lives, instability, and chaos. The presence also intensified the conflicts among various Arab countries as well as other Muslim countries and helped the U.S. plunder the resources of the region. In 2022, it was reported that the U.S. is stealing some 83% percent of the total output of Syrian oil. The presence of the U.S., motivated by the region’s resources and critical geo-strategic location, has only widened and fueled the ethnic, religious as well as national conflicts of the region.

Unlike the U.S.’s policies of destabilizing and intervening in regional countries’ internal affairs, China has become a catalyst for regional stability and cooperation. The efforts such as engaging with the Taliban regime, role in reproachment between Saudi-Iran,and Saudi-Yemen, and the role at international and domestic levels regarding the Palestinian issue such as the firm stand at the UN and propagation of ceasefire agreement, hosting of Hamas and Fateh representatives in April 2024, in China for reconciliation, firm stance on the two-state solution based on the 1967 borders with east Jerusalem as Palestine capital, respectively, are all aimed at stabilizing the region and ensuring regional stability and mutual economic growth.

The economic engagement with Iran and the signing of the 25-year agreement which involves investing $400 billion dollars in Iran for cooperation on different projects including infrastructure development, port construction, and work on high-tech and military cooperation. Similarly, the deals with Afghanistan signed in 2023 for mining of minerals and oil extraction, would bring an investment of $540 million into Afghanistan and help China fill the vacuum left by the U.S. after its 20 years of invasion which caused conflicts, chaos, and instability.

The U.S. war on terror has resulted in 4.5 million deaths, exacerbating chaos and instability in countries like Iraq and Syria.

Moreover, in 2017, China signed an agreement with the Arab Chambers of Commerce to include Lebanon in its flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Beirut received aid of over $100 million as part of the 2018 China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF). Additionally, China has also increased its engagement with Saudi Arabia in its civil nuclear program.

Many other projects concerning regional connectivity and economic cooperation show the vision of Chinese leadership in taking the place of a stabilizing actor in West Asia with the capability to ensure mutual progress enhance regional connectivity and promote peace. This leads to the question of what’s motivating Beijing to actively participate in West Asia?

China’s interests in the Middle East involve economic cooperation and regional connectivity with West Asian states. However, there is yet another reason, a major one, driving China to take an active part in West Asia affairs which is its strategic interests concerning energy supply and the safety of sea (shipping) lanes for trade. China’s major energy consumption comes from west Asian states including Iran and passes through key locations of the Strait of Hormoz, and the Gulf of Oman, and also uses the region’s strait of Bab al, Mandeb for energy supplies.

Moreover, China also has a strong sense of insecurity with the U.S.’s rising power in the Indo-Pacific region and needs allies like Iran which has a strong naval presence in the Pacific Ocean and sees the US with the same Lense of rivalry. Here, China could use the support in case of any conflict with the U.S., China could use and leverage these allies.

China has, reportedly, helped Saudi Arabia indigenously build its missile arsenal and helped UAE with a civil nuclear reactor which shows efforts to make these states independent in terms of security. However, these states will take time to come out of reliance on the U.S. In regards to Iran and the axis of resistance, they have exhibited their commitment and resistance against the U.S. hegemony and would never align with the U.S., and China can rely on them to side with her in any unwanted event that may happen in the region and endangers China’s strategic interests.

China’s $400 billion investment agreement with Iran aims at infrastructure development and military cooperation, filling the vacuum left by the U.S.

Iran has a strong presence in the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Bab al Mandeb, and Gulf of Oman, and controls the Strait of Hormuz. Iran’s naval forces have undergone rapid change in recent times, with their ships operating 24/7 in the region, which could help China provide security and safety for its imports and exports. These strategic choke points are either directly controlled by Iran or influenced by its regional allies, such as Yemen in Bab al Mandeb.

The recent stand of Yemen in Bab al-Mandeb and the Red Sea has halted shipments to Israel and even forced Germany’s warships to change the route of their warships out of fear of Yemen’s attacks. Yemen recently, since the start of the conflict in Palestine, has attacked multiple times the aircraft carriers of the U.S. and even their destroyers. This looming threat forced the complete diversion of ships linked to Israel or Western countries that were shipping and trading with Israel via the Red Sea.

The “Operation Prosperity Guardian” and the naval coalition force made by the U.S. I n 2023 comprising of European states and regional states saw a massive failure in stopping or deterring Yemen from attacking ships in the Red Sea showing growing capabilities, will, and capacity of Yemen to influence the regional waters according to their interest and to support their allies in Palestine.

Interestingly, many Arab countries did not participate in the collision force made by the U.S. out of fear of Yemen striking them directly or due to their interests. This not only shows credibility but also the ability of the Iran-led alliance of West Asia to dominate the affairs not just on land but in the sea as well making China more involved in the region to make new friends for its strategic interests and to to upset the already shaking balance of power of the region.

Apart from China’s strategic interests and filling the vacuum left by the U.S. in the region, China’s foreign policy of noninterventionism, mutual growth, and peaceful rise has influenced China’s active participation in the region and China is also seen as acceptable by many major states in West Asia. The policies of the US were always interventionist in nature and created chaos, instability, and destruction. China’s growing influence, and active participation in West Asia and its projects display a positive image of mutual growth, prosperity, and stabilization of the region. It also provides an opportunity for rival states of the region to unite under one umbrella.

China’s foreign policy emphasizes non-interventionism and mutual growth, positioning it as a stabilizing force in West Asia.

China’s engagement in West Asia marks a significant change and challenges the US-led influence characterized by interventionist policies that caused destruction and chaos in the region. China’s focus on economic development, non-interventionist approach, and efforts for diplomatic solutions to existing regional issues position China as a stabilizing force accompanied by mutual economic growth and enhanced connectivity.

Certain challenges remain for China to completely dominate the region; however, China’s active participation signals transformative, long-term peace and stability in the region. These happenings not only reshape the regional dynamics but also highlight the broader implications of China’s smooth and peaceful rise accompanied by economic connectivity and stability.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. They do not represent the views, beliefs, or policies of the Stratheia.

Between Protests And Uncertainty: Hostel Life Struggles of Gilgit Baltistan Students In Twin Cities

By

Naveed Akhtar

-

November 27, 2024

0

Pakistan has one of the world’s largest young populations with 64% of the citizens under 30. Gilgit-Baltistan is a region in the north of Pakistan that runs under a presidential order and is considered a disputed region. The region is home to peaceful people and scenic valleys. The region of Gilgit–Baltistan has ranked first on the Global Peace Index as the most peaceful in Pakistan. Moreover, the region’s literacy rate is approximately touching 72% as well as the highest in Pakistan.

Hundreds of thousands of students, professionals, and businessmen from Gilgit-Baltistan have been living in the south of the country in cities.

The region has been a heavenly experience for all national and international tourists who get inspired and overwhelmed by the level of respect, hospitability and security the locals provide to them. However, it has been experiencing poor educational, health and job opportunities and facilities forcing the locals to leave the region in search of better opportunities and facilities in health, education and jobs.

Hundreds of thousands of students, professionals, and businessmen from Gilgit-Baltistan have been living in the south of the country in cities, particularly in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Karachi and Lahore. A considerable number of students from Gilgit-Baltistan whose history of cooperation and support with administration and people in Rawalpindi and Islamabad are unparalleled and more satisfactory face unique challenges that make their academic journey exceptionally arduous. Any political unrest, protest, or visit of any head of state or international events in Islamabad means the harsh consequences are experienced by the students and workers from Gilgit-Baltistan in these cities.

Living at a far distance from their homes, survival has been a “do or die” matter for people from Gilgit-Baltistan in these cities. Students from Gilgit Baltistan in these cities mostly study on merit-based scholarships which again is the evidence of unwavering dedication, peace-loving, and high potential that the region’s youth have.

Despite the financial hardships and their early education under scarce resources, the potential of Gilgit Baltistan’s students echoes across all domains and lengths and breathe of Pakistan. The students from Gilgit Baltistan panicked with no support and shelter as the government official notification notified them to shut down hostels and abruptly forced them to leave their hostels on a very short notice. It reflects that they do not have any concern about what it means for the students from far-flung areas living in twin cities, who have no accommodation facilities other than hostels and residential flats. These occurrences frequently lead to the abrupt closure of their hostels and the eviction of students from Gilgit Baltistan and other far-flung areas, showing that the government has turned blind and has no sense of how to treat these citizens who are more civic and play their role in nation-building.

Any political unrest, protest, or visit of any head of state or international events in Islamabad means the harsh consequences are experienced by the students and workers from Gilgit-Baltistan in these cities.

Their plight highlights the vulnerability of students from marginalized regions who are already battling numerous challenges to access quality education. Gilgit Baltistan’s students grapple with uncertainty and fear, for them their journey to twin cities is their first step into an unfamiliar world. Political instability and law and order issues in the country create a cycle of displacement for these students. The sudden loss of shelter leaves them wandering the streets, searching for temporary refuge among friends and acquaintances.

In such a quagmire and plight, lack of government support exacerbates and triggers feelings of alienation and suffering. The state responds and reacts to any political unrest for which the students of Gilgit Baltistan become scapegoats reflecting a glaring neglect of its responsibilities. No mechanism of housing or assistance to students during an emergency makes students fed up with a system in which they have faith to serve and build the strong and resplendent image of Pakistan.

Alienation runs deeper than the physical hardships of being homeless. During frequently occurring emergencies and unrest Gilgit Baltistan student’s sense of isolation magnifies. Many among the students from Gilgit Baltistan express thoughts that they are treated as outsiders in other cities of Pakistan. The lack of a stable living environment weighs heavily on their mental health. Students report helplessness, anxiety and depression during the crisis when they are forced to leave hostels and the intricacies get deeper with no alternative means to get shelter at a far distance from their homes.

The government and the administrations of the twin cities still have the chance to let the students of Gilgit Baltistan on board and listen to their grievances before the continuous cycle of displacements makes them disenchanted and lose faith in the system. Gilgit Baltistan’s youth associate their dreams and ambitions with Pakistan to become stable, proud and responsible citizens. However, their dreams and ambitions are being eroded and undermined due to the government’s policies contradicting with youth’s hopes and dreams. Ultimately, the youth suffer and feel completely isolated in a state of helplessness.

Write For Us!

Opinions, Analysis, and Rebuttals.

StratheiaPolicy Journal

A Global Digital Think-Tank on Policy Discourse.

Asymmetric warfare leverages existing societal fault lines, leading to increased sectarian violence and chaos, particularly in regions like Pakistan.

The recent sectarian tensions in the Kurram district demonstrate how external influences can exacerbate internal divisions and ignite conflict.

Social media plays a critical role in spreading sectarian hatred, making it essential to analyze discourse on these platforms to understand the dynamics of modern warfare.

Immediate conflict resolution mechanisms are necessary to address rising sectarian violence in Pakistan before it escalates further.

The historical context of Pakistan reveals that unity among its diverse ethnicities is crucial for maintaining stability and governance.

External influences, particularly from India, exacerbate internal divisions and contribute to instability within Pakistan.

Education is essential for empowering citizens and reducing vulnerability to manipulation by corrupt politicians.

A reformed democratic structure that emphasizes security and accountability can restore faith in institutions and promote national unity.

Taiwan’s historical context is rooted in the Chinese Civil War, leading to its current status as a self-governing entity amidst claims from the PRC.

Xi Jinping’s 2024 address marks a significant shift in China’s approach to Taiwan, emphasizing military options alongside diplomatic efforts.

The situation in the Taiwan Strait poses threats not only to Taiwan but also to neighboring countries like Japan and South Korea, which rely on stable trade routes.

The U.S. has increased arms exports to Taiwan and strengthened military ties with allies in response to China’s assertiveness in the region.

The strategic importance of Taiwan, particularly its semiconductor industry, makes it a focal point for geopolitical competition in East Asia.

The potential for conflict in the Taiwan Strait could disrupt global supply chains and escalate tensions between major powers, impacting international relations.

India’s image as a rising global power is tarnished by accusations of extraterritorial assassinations and human rights violations.

The Modi administration’s consolidation of power has strained relationships with crucial partners, raising concerns about its democratic integrity.

India’s refusal to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine highlights ideological fissures with Western allies, diminishing its influence in international forums.

The Abraham Accords marked the first normalization of relations between Israel and Arab countries since the 1990s.

The agreements aimed to foster economic diversification and establish the UAE as a regional diplomatic hub.

Israel’s Gaza war in October 2023 significantly altered the dynamics of the Accords, leading to regional isolation.

If women are 50% of the population then they are an equal and undeniable majority so stop labelling women as a “marginalised group”.

The first wave of feminism can be tracked pre to post Partition in 1947 when women of nobility equally participated in political processes at public spaces towards the making of Pakistan.

The presence of women in public spaces – in a protest or political rally or to celebrate Women’s day is viewed as being a club of ‘bad girls’ who wish to be promiscuous.

As the world deliberates Beijing+30 – we debate over whether feminist is a slur or a mandatory thought process to enable 50% of Pakistan to move forward for equitable national progress.

The book poses the critical question: “Is arms control dead?” while arguing that its future will differ significantly from the past.

Editors emphasize that formal treaty-based arms control is likely coming to an end, but the necessity to prevent nuclear war persists.

The authors advocate for a shift from traditional arms control treaties to nuclear risk reduction and confidence-building measures.

The ongoing military competition among great powers could compel regional states to pursue their own nuclear weapons programs, increasing global security threats.

China’s engagement in West Asia is seen as a catalyst for regional stability, contrasting with the destabilizing effects of U.S. interventions.

The U.S. war on terror has resulted in 4.5 million deaths, exacerbating chaos and instability in countries like Iraq and Syria.

China’s $400 billion investment agreement with Iran aims at infrastructure development and military cooperation, filling the vacuum left by the U.S.

China’s foreign policy emphasizes non-interventionism and mutual growth, positioning it as a stabilizing force in West Asia.

Hundreds of thousands of students, professionals, and businessmen from Gilgit-Baltistan have been living in the south of the country in cities.

Any political unrest, protest, or visit of any head of state or international events in Islamabad means the harsh consequences are experienced by the students and workers from Gilgit-Baltistan in these cities.

Share with Us

Opinions, Analysis, and Rebuttals.