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Overcoming Economic Crisis with Islamic Values

By
Sohail Javed
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The essence of a prosperous society lies in the unwavering adherence to a sense of duty and punctuality.

The essence of a prosperous society lies in the unwavering adherence to a sense of duty and punctuality. These foundational values, when compromised, pave the way for moral and social degradation, as observed in today’s society where wealth acquisition overshadows all other pursuits. This moral decay is evident in the constant reports of corruption and systemic decline across various sectors, as highlighted by the media. The pervasive narrative of doom and gloom, perpetuated by political leaders and economists, foresees an impending debt trap that threatens to engulf us. Despite noticeable improvements in our situation, a widespread belief persists that the world is against us and that we lack the capability to manage our affairs. To dispel this cloud of despair and hopelessness, we must rekindle the pursuit of higher goals in life.

The key to igniting these sparklies is the inspiring stories of our great leaders. Their achievements, marked by common sense, perseverance, and selflessness, shielded the Muslims in the subcontinent from cultural assimilation by the British and Hindus, ultimately securing freedom through unparalleled political and constitutional struggles. These historical narratives can light the lamp of hope, dispelling the darkness and dismantling the barriers of low self-esteem and timidity. The teachings of the last Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the divine guidance from Allah, the Lord of the Universe, constantly remind us to have faith in Allah’s mercy and seek goodness in this life and the hereafter. For a nation teetering on the edge, turning wholeheartedly to these sources of guidance is imperative.

The root cause of the economic crisis we face today is our tendency to live beyond our means. Islamic teachings advocate simplicity and austerity, elevating contentment to a form of piety. The life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the greatest leader of the most significant revolution in history, exemplifies simplicity and austerity. Despite enduring hunger, his lifestyle remained simple, and he inspired his followers to strive for the highest ideals, far above material gains.

This sentiment is beautifully encapsulated in a poem: “A desire to achieve the goal thus cleansed from greed, we could not bow to the times, we could not flow in the flow of time.”

Islamic teachings emphasize accountability for the blessings we use from Allah Ta’ala. This principle was instilled in us from a young age; for instance, my mother, while performing ablution, always ensured that water was not wasted, and every resource was used judiciously. In today’s challenging economic climate, it is crucial that we live within our means and save a portion of our income. Embracing conscious austerity can significantly alleviate financial problems. At the governmental level, adopting this attitude can help overcome major difficulties. Unfortunately, our elites often feel entitled to spend lavishly on public resources, leading to severe wastage. The accountability system remains alarmingly ineffective, and the fear of God is diminishing. Recent statistics reveal that our ruling classes, judges, and senior military officers are enjoying benefits worth thousands of billions while wasting trillions of rupees. Eliminating this massive waste of resources can undoubtedly lead to economic stability. To achieve this, we must cultivate and practice the spirit of self-reliance throughout national life.

Recent efforts have shown improvements in our economic indicators, highlighting areas where income sources can be enhanced. According to the National Economic Survey, Overseas Pakistanis remitted over $3.2 billion in foreign exchange in the last financial year.

If our government and embassies fully engage with Overseas Pakistanis, addressing their legitimate demands and enhancing their skills, these remittances could grow significantly, providing a substantial boost to our economy.

Another critical factor contributing to economic growth is the agricultural sector, which has played a significant role this year. Therefore, it is essential for both provincial and federal governments to prioritize the agricultural sector and support farmers. Positive steps have already been taken by the President of PML-N, Mr. Nawaz Sharif, and Punjab Chief Minister, Ms. Maryam Nawaz, including the issuance of the Kisan Card. However, these measures require further enhancement. The agricultural sector has long been neglected, and our villages still lack modern infrastructure. Providing more facilities in rural areas will enhance national wealth. Improving the lives of the backward classes necessitates converting government schools and hospitals into quality institutions and focusing government efforts on education and health.

Pakistan’s Struggle Against Climate Change

By
Dr. Hamza Khan
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For more than a decade, international experts have been sounding the alarm about the devastating impacts of climate change.

For more than a decade, international experts have been sounding the alarm about the devastating impacts of climate change. In Pakistan, these warnings have now become a harsh reality. The country is still reeling from the catastrophic effects of the 2022 stormy rains and floods that wreaked havoc on agriculture and the environment. As the new monsoon season approaches, Pakistan finds itself struggling to recover from the previous year’s challenges.

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan organized a conference in Islamabad to address the issues arising from environmental pollution. In his keynote address, Chief Justice of Pakistan Qazi Faiz Isa emphasized the critical need to avoid the waste of resources and to make the natural environment more human-friendly. He highlighted the severe impact of pollution, particularly plastic waste, which is not being adequately disposed of. The Chief Justice’s remarks underscored the pressing need for a collective effort to combat environmental degradation and promote sustainable practices.

Justice Mansoor Ali Shah underscored the gravity of the situation by pointing out that Pakistan is the fifth most vulnerable country in the world to climate change impacts. He explained how rising temperatures and water shortages are not only threatening agricultural production but also human health. The financial burden of addressing these climate change challenges is immense, and Pakistan lacks the necessary resources to effectively combat these issues.

Justice Shah’s comments highlighted the interconnectedness of environmental health, agricultural productivity, and public health, stressing the importance of a holistic approach to tackling climate change.

One innovative solution proposed by Chief Justice Qazi Faiz Isa was to provide bicycles to judges, setting an exemplary precedent for the nation. This initiative aims to reduce vehicle emissions and promote environmental sustainability. By adopting such measures, Pakistan could significantly cut down on pollution levels. The proposal to encourage cycling among judges not only promotes a healthier lifestyle but also serves as a symbolic gesture towards reducing the carbon footprint and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility.

The financial implications of climate change on Pakistan are staggering. According to various sources, the country is losing approximately four billion dollars annually due to climate change. This staggering financial loss highlights the urgent need for the government to take decisive action. The recommendations made by experts at the conference should not be taken lightly. While discussions and negotiations are essential, real relief from these challenges can only be achieved through practical, on-the-ground action. The economic impact of climate change is not limited to immediate losses; it also affects long-term development and prosperity.

The 2022 floods serve as a grim reminder of the destructive potential of climate change. Thousands of acres of farmland were submerged, leading to severe food shortages and economic losses for farmers. The floods also disrupted infrastructure, displacing communities and straining already limited resources. The aftermath of these floods continues to affect the livelihoods of millions, highlighting the need for robust disaster preparedness and resilient infrastructure. The frequency and intensity of such natural disasters are expected to increase with climate change, necessitating urgent and sustained action.

In addition to the economic and infrastructural damage, the health implications of climate change are profound. Rising temperatures and poor air quality contribute to respiratory illnesses, heat-related conditions, and vector-borne diseases. Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and those with preexisting health conditions, are particularly at risk. The healthcare system, already stretched thin, faces additional challenges in addressing these climate-related health issues.

Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and implementing public health interventions are critical to mitigating the health impacts of climate change.

The Law and Justice Commission’s conference in Islamabad brought together experts and stakeholders to discuss these pressing issues. The discussions emphasized the need for a multi-faceted approach to address climate change, involving government agencies, private sector entities, and civil society. Collaboration and coordination are essential to develop and implement effective strategies for climate mitigation and adaptation. Public awareness and education also play a crucial role in fostering a culture of environmental stewardship and sustainable living.

Finally, Pakistan is at a critical juncture in its fight against climate change. The country must heed the warnings of international experts and implement sustainable practices to mitigate the devastating impacts of climate change. The recent conference organized by the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan serves as a vital reminder that urgent and practical measures are needed to protect the environment and secure a sustainable future for the nation. The government’s commitment to following expert recommendations and implementing actionable strategies will be key to overcoming the environmental challenges that Pakistan faces. By taking decisive action now, Pakistan can build resilience, protect its natural resources, and ensure a healthier and more sustainable future for its people.

A Pathway to Affordable Energy in Pakistan

By
Dr. Sahibzada Muhammad Usman and Fatime Mehdi
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This burden stems from the country's heavy reliance on expensive fuel-based power generation and IPPs that profit substantially from it.

Pakistan’s economic challenges are significantly exacerbated by the high cost of electricity. This burden stems from the country’s heavy reliance on expensive fuel-based power generation and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) that profit substantially from it. Consequently, millions of Pakistanis struggle to meet basic household needs after paying their electricity bills, which are inflated by various taxes and fuel adjustments. However, Pakistan possesses abundant natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and water that can be harnessed to generate cheap electricity, thus alleviating this economic strain.

The potential for solar and wind energy in Pakistan is immense. The country is blessed with ample sunlight throughout the year, making solar energy a viable and sustainable solution. Similarly, the vast coastal and desert areas, which experience consistent winds, are ideal for wind power generation. Harnessing these natural resources could revolutionize the energy sector, providing affordable electricity to both domestic consumers and industries. This, in turn, would enhance the competitiveness of Pakistani products in global markets. Despite the clear benefits, progress in utilizing these renewable energy sources has been sluggish. Government efforts to promote cheap electricity production through solar and wind energy have lacked systematic planning and sustained implementation. Nonetheless, recent developments indicate a positive shift in this direction.

In a significant move, the federal government has invited Longji Green Energy Technology, the world’s largest Chinese solar company, to establish a manufacturing plant in Pakistan. Federal Energy Minister Owais Laghari highlighted Pakistan’s solar energy potential during a meeting with the company’s president. He assured the Chinese company of cooperation and formally invited them to set up a solar manufacturing plant in Pakistan. This collaboration could be a game-changer for Pakistan’s energy landscape.

A local manufacturing plant would reduce the cost of solar panels, making solar energy more accessible to the masses. Furthermore, it would create jobs and stimulate economic growth, contributing to the country’s overall development.

The growing adoption of solar panels by Pakistani citizens is a testament to the potential of solar energy. Amid the rising costs of government-provided electricity, many Pakistanis have independently started installing solar panels. This trend is accelerating as international factors drive down the prices of solar panels. China’s reduction in solar panel prices over the past several months has boosted their sales and installation across Pakistan. However, reports of potential taxation on solar panels in the federal budget have caused concern. Traders have responded by halting sales or increasing prices, exacerbating the financial burden on consumers. Such measures are counterproductive and hinder the promotion of solar energy. Instead, the government should encourage the use of solar energy through favorable policies and incentives.

Net metering is another crucial aspect of promoting renewable energy in Pakistan. There are conflicting reports about the potential end of net metering, a system that allows consumers to sell excess electricity back to the grid. If these reports are unfounded, they should be refuted clearly. If such proposals are under consideration, they should be rejected outright. Net metering is crucial for promoting renewable energy and reducing dependency on expensive IPP-generated electricity. Ending net metering would be a setback for the renewable energy sector and could deter potential investments and consumer adoption.

In addition to solar energy, wind power generation offers a promising alternative. Wind energy is even cheaper than solar energy, and Pakistan has the potential to generate thousands of megawatts of free electricity through windmills in its coastal and desert regions. Implementing wind power projects in both the public and private sectors is essential for a diversified and sustainable energy mix. The consistent winds in these regions can be harnessed to provide a reliable source of energy that complements solar power. Together, these renewable sources can help stabilize the energy supply and reduce the overall cost of electricity production.

The government must take proactive steps to foster a conducive environment for renewable energy development. This includes creating incentives for both domestic and foreign investors, simplifying the regulatory framework, and ensuring that policies are stable and predictable. By doing so, Pakistan can attract investments in solar and wind energy projects, creating a ripple effect that boosts the economy, generates employment, and reduces the energy burden on households and industries. Moreover, public awareness campaigns can educate citizens about the benefits of renewable energy and how they can contribute to a sustainable future.

Community-based solar and wind projects can also be encouraged, allowing local populations to directly benefit from and participate in the renewable energy transition.

International cooperation and partnerships will also play a crucial role in Pakistan’s renewable energy journey. Collaborating with countries that have successfully implemented large-scale renewable energy projects can provide valuable insights and technological expertise. Additionally, securing financing from international financial institutions can help bridge the initial investment gap and accelerate project implementation. By positioning itself as a leader in renewable energy adoption in the region, Pakistan can not only address its energy crisis but also contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.

Ultimately, Pakistan stands at a crossroads where the adoption of renewable energy sources can significantly impact its economic future. By leveraging its natural resources, the country can reduce its dependency on expensive fuel-based power generation, lower electricity costs, and improve the standard of living for its citizens. The invitation to China’s Longji Green Energy Technology to establish a manufacturing plant in Pakistan is a step in the right direction. However, supportive government policies, including tax incentives and the continuation of net metering, are crucial to fostering a robust renewable energy sector. Investing in solar and wind energy is not just an environmental imperative but an economic necessity for Pakistan’s recovery and growth.

World Blood Donor Day

By
Dr. Zukun Lyu
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June 14 is celebrated worldwide as World Blood Donor Day, a tribute to voluntary blood donors who save millions of lives each year.

June 14 is celebrated worldwide as World Blood Donor Day, a tribute to voluntary blood donors who save millions of lives each year. This year, the theme is “20 Years of Celebrating Giving: Thank You Blood Donors!” highlighting two decades of dedication and generosity from individuals who donate blood voluntarily. Despite the critical importance of blood donation, the percentage of voluntary donors remains alarmingly low, particularly in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, where less than 3% of the population donates blood.

In many developed and educated countries, around 19% of people donate blood voluntarily. However, this number is much lower in underdeveloped regions. Pakistan, for instance, requires between 2.5 to 3 million units of blood annually to treat patients suffering from accidents, surgeries, and life-threatening blood diseases. Yet, only a small fraction of the population donates blood, and many of these donations come from those who are compelled to do so due to a lack of awareness about the importance and benefits of blood donation.

Healthy men and women can donate blood every three months, a process that positively impacts their health. The lifespan of red blood cells in humans is only 120 days, after which the old blood cells die, and new ones form naturally.

This natural regeneration process ensures that donating blood is safe and beneficial for donors, promoting overall health and well-being.

In Pakistan, organizations like the Sundus Foundation are tirelessly working to save the lives of children suffering from blood diseases such as thalassemia and hemophilia. These patients rely on regular blood transfusions to survive. Sundus Foundation aims to raise awareness about blood donation throughout the year, emphasizing the dire consequences of not having enough blood donors. If a child with a blood disease dies because one or two out of 250 million Pakistanis were not available to donate blood, it raises significant ethical and humanitarian concerns.

There are many misconceptions and incorrect perceptions about donating blood that prevent people from contributing to this noble cause. World Blood Donor Day is celebrated globally to dispel these myths and encourage voluntary blood donation. Despite the continuous efforts of the Sundus Foundation and other organizations, more awareness is needed to ensure a steady supply of safe and healthy blood for patients in need.

There is a critical shortage of voluntary blood donors across Pakistan, affecting the timely supply of blood to patients with thalassemia, hemophilia, and other conditions. Sundus Foundation continues to provide clean and healthy blood to its patients, but broader community involvement is essential. Educational institutions, industrial organizations, and law enforcement agencies like the Pakistan Air Force, Punjab Police, Motorway Police, Islamabad Police, and Dawat-e-Islami should also contribute to this cause.

National sportsmen, actors, politicians, and doctors can lead by example by donating blood and encouraging others to do the same.

A healthy person does not get sick from donating blood. In fact, the process includes an initial screening that can detect diseases early, benefiting the donor’s health. Furthermore, blood donation has positive effects on the donor’s overall well-being. To increase the number of donors, it is essential to conduct awareness campaigns across print, electronic, and social media, and organize seminars to educate the public about the importance of blood donation. Integrating blood donation awareness into educational curricula and recognizing donors at federal and provincial levels could also promote a culture of giving.

On World Blood Donor Day, we should pledge not only to donate blood ourselves but also to raise awareness among others about the critical need for blood donations. By doing so, we can ensure that those whose lives depend on donated blood have a better chance of survival. Let us honor the spirit of this day by committing to donate blood and encouraging others to join this life-saving mission. Together, we can make a difference and save lives, one donation at a time.

Blood donation is a simple, safe process that can make a significant difference in the lives of those who need it. Every unit of blood donated can save up to three lives, providing critical support for patients undergoing surgery, those with severe anemia, trauma victims, and individuals battling cancer. Despite these benefits, misconceptions about blood donation persist. Some people fear the process or believe it will adversely affect their health. However, modern medical practices ensure that blood donation is safe, and donors are carefully screened to ensure they are healthy enough to give blood. Donors also receive a mini-physical that checks their pulse, blood pressure, and hemoglobin levels, offering an added health benefit.

Educational efforts play a crucial role in dispelling myths and encouraging more people to donate blood. Schools, universities, and community organizations can help by organizing blood drives and information sessions. Healthcare providers can also educate their patients about the importance of regular blood donation.

Media campaigns can highlight the personal stories of those who have benefited from blood donations, making the cause more relatable and urgent.

One of the key challenges in increasing blood donation rates is reaching young people. Younger generations are essential to maintaining a stable blood supply, as they are generally healthier and more likely to donate regularly over their lifetimes. Engaging with youth through social media, school programs, and youth organizations can foster a culture of donation that will persist for years to come.

Corporate partnerships are another effective strategy for increasing blood donations. Companies can organize blood drives at their workplaces, providing employees with a convenient opportunity to donate. Recognizing and rewarding employees who donate blood can also encourage participation. By making blood donation a part of their corporate social responsibility initiatives, businesses can make a meaningful impact on public health.

Finally, recognizing the contributions of blood donors is essential. Annual events, awards, and public acknowledgments can show donors that their contributions are valued and appreciated. Celebrating World Blood Donor Day is an excellent opportunity to thank donors and encourage more people to join this life-saving effort.

An Unmissable Opportunity: The Time for Modi and Islamabad leadership to Resume Bilateral Dialogue is Now!

By
Sudheendra Kulkarni
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OPPORTUNITIES TO BREAK a deadlock in the relations between India and Pakistan do not come often. We are two estranged brothers who seem incapable of finding a way to reach the point of rapprochement. For such has been the complex nature of the dispute that has kept us apart almost since the time Pakistan was created as a separate nation in 1947. But when opportunities for a breakthrough do arrive, it would be stupid ─ indeed, criminal ─ to miss them.

The governments of our two countries have indeed missed many such opportunities in the past seventy-seven years. But now that history has offered yet another chance, in the form of a new and favorable situation created by the elections in both countries, New Delhi and Islamabad (together with the powers that be in Rawalpindi) must seize it with commitment, courage, and a sense of urgency and responsibility.

Narendra Modi is back in power as India’s prime minister for the third consecutive term after the recently concluded parliamentary elections. His party’s majority is considerably reduced in Parliament, and he now has to depend on the support of a few allies to run a coalition government. However, this does not constrain his ability in foreign policy, especially if he shows determination to reset India’s relations with Pakistan.

There is indeed some hope, based on objective possibility, that he may seek a new opening with Islamabad.

Similarly, Pakistan also has a new coalition government, headed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, following the February elections. Sharif and his elder brother and former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif favor friendly and cooperative relations with India. Furthermore, support for better relations with South Asia’s largest country and soon-to-be the world’s third-largest economy now extends to all sections of the political spectrum in Pakistan.

A much stronger source of support now comes from the military establishment, which remains the main center of power in the country. In the past several years, the establishment has sent sufficient indications that it, too, seeks good-neighborly relations with India.

Modi ought to have invited Shehbaz Sharif or President Asif Ali Zardari for his swearing in on June 9, in the same way he had invited the heads of state and governments of several neighboring South Asian countries. He has weakened his own priority for “Neighbhourhood First” in India’s foreign policy by excluding Pakistan. Ten years ago, when Modi became prime minister for the first time, he had invited Pakistan’s then-Premier Nawaz Sharif for his swearing-in ceremony, which the latter had accepted despite some resistance from the military establishment in Rawalpindi.

This time, the internal power dynamics in Pakistan are probably different. Therefore, Shehbaz Sharif or Zardari would have come to New Delhi without any problems if Modi had extended an invitation. That would have demonstrated willingness on both sides to bring the bilateral ties on the right track.

A ray of hope: Shehbaz-Nawaz tweets and Modi’s response

Nevertheless, a small hint that ice may begin to be broken came when the Pakistani prime minister tweeted congratulating Modi on his re-election, and Modi thanked him for this gracious gesture. More significantly, Nawaz Sharif, who still wields considerable power as the leader of PML-N (the party that heads his brother’s coalition government), tweeted with effusive congratulations. He said, “Your party’s success in recent elections reflects the confidence of the people in your leadership. Let us replace hate with hope and seize the opportunity to shape the destiny of the two billion people of South Asia.”

Modi responded: “Appreciate your message @NawazSharifMNS. The people of India have always stood for peace, security and progressive ideas. Advancing the well-being and security of our people shall always remain our priority.” Modi should have been statesmanlike by mentioning that the “well-being and security” of not only “our people” (Indians) but also of all the people of South Asia “shall always remain our priority.”

People in Pakistan may wonder whether Modi is interested in extending a hand of friendship in a manner that Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the first leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party to become India’s prime minister, had boldly done in 2003.

They may also wonder whether he can take a daring initiative in this direction since his party no longer commands a parliamentary majority and has to depend on the support of two allies for survival. To address these doubts, it is necessary to recall a few facts.

Indo-Pak peace is the greatest legacy Modi can leave behind in his third (and last) term in office

This is most certainly going to be Modi’s last term in office. What legacy will he leave behind? True, after becoming a three-term prime minister of the world’s largest democracy, he has equaled the record of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Nehru is remembered ─ indeed, widely respected ─ for having laid a robust foundation of democracy in a newly liberated country of unparalleled diversity. Indira Gandhi played a key role in changing the map of South Asia by helping the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971.

But which achievement will history remember Modi by? The answer to this question will not be flattering to him. His last ten years in office reveal a big gap between propaganda and performance. His government managed to control the media with a vice-like grip and turned it into a machine that worked non-stop for Modi’s self-aggrandizement. But what are his enduring and history-creating successes of governance that would stand the scrutiny of time? Almost none.

He cannot take credit for the construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya, much as he and his supporters might want to do so. After all, the construction was facilitated by a verdict of the Supreme Court of India. (The temple Modi was inaugurated with great fanfare in February of this year and has been built at a site where the Babri Masjid once stood. Hindus believe it to be the birthplace of Ram. The masjid was demolished by an unruly mob of Hindutva supporters on 6 December 1992.) Ironically, a candidate of Modi’s party lost the election in the Ayodhya constituency to a rival who had the backing of Hindus and Muslims alike.

The second major event in the past ten years was the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which gave the state of Jammu & Kashmir a special status. The BJP would like to project this as Modi’s great achievement by claiming that this decision fully integrated Jammu & Kashmir into the Indian nation. However, normalcy has not completely returned to Jammu & Kashmir five years after the nullification of Article 370.

The division of the state with the separation of Ladakh as a territory administered directly from Delhi and the downgrading of a truncated Jammu & Kashmir itself as a union territory is deeply resented by the people of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.

Similarly, Modi cannot project “demonetization” as an achievement that future Indians will remember him by. His sudden decision in November 2016 to render old high-value currency notes worthless and replace them with a new set of notes created enormous hardships for common Indians. True, the digital economy has made huge strides in Modi’s rule. However, his bold action’s declared objective- reducing unaccounted money in the economy ─ has not been met since the total quantum of cash in circulation now exceeds the pre-2016 levels. Neither Modi nor his party mentions “demonetization” as his historic and proud achievement.

This being the case, the question still remains: What will be Modi’s legacy after he completes three terms in office? Improving India-Pakistan relations on a durable basis can be his legacy if ─ and it remains a “Big If” ─ he decides to make this his foreign policy priority.

Modi’s allies, Chandrababu Naidu and Nitish Kumar, will back an initiative for peace with Pakistan

People and the ruling circles in Pakistan should know that Modi will not encounter any opposition from within his coalition if he decides to make concerted efforts in this direction. His two crucial allies ─ Chandrababu Naidu and Nitish Kumar, chief ministers of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh and the northern state of Bihar, respectively ─ will support him enthusiastically. Nitish Kumar has been an ardent believer in improving India’s relations with Pakistan.

This conviction was strengthened after he visited Pakistan in November 2012, which he described as “memorable and successful.”  Upon his return, he strongly advocated promoting trade ties with Pakistan and ensuring regional peace. Indeed, he endeared himself to the people of Pakistan by wearing the Sindhi cap and `ajrak’ (traditional Sindhi shawl), which was presented to him by Sindh’s then Chief Minister Qaim Ali Shah.

Another fact to be noted: both Nitish Kumar and Naidu believe in “secularism” ─ the principle of non-discrimination on religious grounds, which is a pillar of the Indian Constitution ─ and enjoy huge support among Indian Muslims. The front-page headline in Dawn newspaper after election results were declared on June 4 summed it up well. It said: “India defeats hate, Modi left at mercy of Muslim-friendly allies.” Modi and his party made every possible effort to incite anti-Muslim hatred among Hindu voters.

They even dragged Pakistan into their election campaign by saying that Pakistanis would be happy if the Congress party, the main opponent of the BJP, won the elections. Hindu voters largely rebuffed their divisive tactics, especially in the two large states of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. Therefore, now that the elections are over, Modi will have no incentive to play the anti-Muslim and anti-Pakistan card. Indeed, he would surely lose the support of his allies if he did so, thus endangering his government’s survival.

All these factors have created an objective condition conducive to the resumption of long-deadlocked dialogue between India and Pakistan.

India and Pakistan should become partners in fighting terrorism and religious extremism

How can we open this door of opportunity? How can we also ensure that the door does not get shut soon after opening, as has unfortunately happened so often? Here are five ideas on what India and Pakistan need to do.

First, India should give up its insistent but unhelpful stand that “Terror and Talks cannot go together.” This does not mean India should abandon or weaken its fight against terror, which, truth be told, often has had its origin across the border. Rather, India should understand that its stand has been unhelpful as it has created a prolonged deadlock in India-Pakistan relations. It has neither created conditions for the complete stoppage of terrorist acts nor led to the complete dismantling of the infrastructure of terror. This objective can best be achieved in partnership with Pakistan rather than by trying to isolate and malign it in the international community. Furthermore, such a partnership is possible because Pakistan itself has been a major victim of terrorism and religious extremism, which it thoughtlessly and myopically promoted in the recent past.

The need for an India-Pakistan partnership in waging a joint battle against the scourge of terrorism, which is a threat to humanity itself, was recognized by both Modi and Nawaz Sharif. The joint statement was issued after the talks between the two prime ministers on the sidelines of the SCO summit in Ufa, Russia, in July 2015.

“They agreed that India and Pakistan have a collective responsibility to ensure peace and promote development. To do so, they are prepared to discuss all outstanding issues. Both leaders condemned terrorism in all its forms and agreed to cooperate with each other to eliminate this menace from South Asia.”

This shows Modi’s acceptance of the stark truth that elimination of the menace of terrorism from South Asia (meaning from India as well as Pakistan) requires New Delhi’s cooperation with Islamabad-Rawalpindi. Why should the Indian prime minister turn his back on this truth now? Indeed, if both India and Pakistan sincerely build and expand cooperation in this task ─ and not give it up if non-state actors indulge in some provocative acts of violence ─ they will greatly weaken anti-India (which are also anti-Pakistan) forces of terror.

Second, a call for India to abjure its rigid “Terror and Talks cannot go together” stand also means a call for Pakistan to end, once and for all, its support to the dark forces of religious extremism, which fuels terrorism. Pakistan has paid an extremely heavy price because of its ill-conceived policy. Its global image has suffered greatly. Even within the community of Muslim countries, India today has more and closer friendships and partnerships than Pakistan. This is evident from the growing warmth and depth in the relations between India and the major powers in West Asia ─ especially Saudi Arabia and the UAE, where support for religious extremism is now zero.

Surely, this calls for introspection and course correction among decision-makers in Pakistan.

If India and China can have a booming bilateral trade, why not India and Pakistan?

Third, One of the surest ways to build mutual trust and achieve win-win benefits in prosperity and progress is by opening the closed doors of trade, business, and economic cooperation. The fact that we are neighbors with large populations ─ India is now the world’s most populous nation, and Pakistan ranks number five ─ creates potentially vast avenues for cooperation.

According to one estimate, there is a nearly $20 billion bilateral trade opportunity if only we remove artificial barriers to trade, business, and investments. Sadly, the current level of direct bilateral trade is less than $ 1 billion, although indirect trade through Dubai and other channels is much higher. After all, if India and China can have a $120 billion bilateral trade despite strained political relations, why should India and Pakistan keep all doors shut for two-way trade and economic cooperation?

Pakistan should realize that India is a technology powerhouse today. Those few Pakistanis who have visited Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Hyderabad, Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Chennai, and Ahmedabad in recent years ─ sadly, the number of such visitors is very small ─ know this truth very well.  Our manufacturing base in several industries is world-class in quality and cost competitiveness. Some of India’s business houses ─ Tata, Reliance, Adani and others ─ are among the largest in the world, with both the money power and readiness to invest in Pakistan if conditions permit. Such joint ventures will gradually strengthen Pakistan’s big business houses and small and medium enterprises.

India’s rapidly growing economy will provide market opportunities for Pakistan’s agricultural and industrial products. All this will create more prosperity and employment opportunities for the youth in India and Pakistan.

Let’s not forget two other strategic benefits the India-Pakistan rapprochement can bring. If our two countries open up the border for trade, this linkage can logically be extended to the entire India-Pakistan-Afghanistan-Central Asia route on the western side and the Afghanistan-Pakistan-India-Bangladesh-South East Asia route on the eastern side. This will help integrate the economies of all South Asian countries and beyond. The center of gravity of growth, prosperity, and progress will shift from Europe and North America to South Asia in the coming decades of the 21st century. Should we not work together to realize this world-changing dream?

But there is another world-changing possibility in such cooperation. It will reduce Pakistan’s excessive dependence on China, which is surely not in the best long-term interests of Pakistanis.  Indeed, Pakistan can be friendly towards both India and China simultaneously. This will also help India and China improve their bilateral relations. Hence, this three-way cooperation among India, Pakistan, and China can potentially change the destiny of entire South Asia, making it a zone of peace, prosperity, and progress for all its nearly two billion denizens.

Don’t lose a single in promoting people-to-people contacts in huge numbers… and at all levels

Fourth: Our two countries should not lose a single day in facilitating people-to-people contacts in a big way. What a shame it is that our two governments have made it extremely difficult ─ indeed, impossible ─ for people to get visas to visit each other’s country. Even Indian artists and writers cannot travel to Pakistan, and vice versa. There are also no direct Delhi-Islamabad and Mumbai-Karachi flights anymore. It’s as if we have erected a long Berlin Wall separating our two peoples, who are otherwise connected by thousands of ties of religion, ethnicity, language, culture, and history.

However, the scope and need for people-to-people exchanges is immense. India has some of the best institutions in higher education. Pakistan, too, has some excellent institutions. Bright Pakistani students can, therefore, come to study in India in large numbers ─ and vice versa. India also has many world-class hospitals, which can provide medical care to Pakistanis at a much lower cost than if they went to London or New York.

Then, there is the urgent need to promote religious tourism. Why should Pakistani Muslims be prevented from coming to many revered Sufi shrines in India ─ and vice versa? Why shouldn’t large numbers of Hindus in India have opportunities to visit places of pilgrimage in Pakistan, such as the Katas Raj temple near Lahore and the Hinglaj Mata Temple in Balochistan? The government of Pakistan deserves compliments for renovating the Kartarpur Sahib Gurdwara complex grandly and aesthetically.

The Kartarpur Sahib Corridor has enabled Sikhs from India to travel to this sacred shrine. On similar lines, should India and Pakistan not cooperate to create a Sharada Peeth Corridor across the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir? This will help in the renovation of an ancient Hindu temple and create enormous goodwill for Pakistan among Hindus in all parts of India and the world.

Modi should invite Pakistan’s COAS and PM for a lasting solution to the Kashmir issue

Fifth, and lastly: What should be done with the Kashmir issue, the knottiest problem that has bedeviled India-Pakistan relations? The truth is that history itself has rendered many traditional claims of the ruling establishments of our two countries irrelevant. Pakistan can never capture the Indian side of Kashmir, nor can India ever succeed in taking the Pakistani side of Kashmir. The prospects of the two sides of Kashmir uniting and becoming independent are nil. Any coercive attempt by either side to alter this reality will trigger yet another war, which could potentially become a nuclear conflict.

Neither side can win the war, but both sides will suffer destruction on an unimaginable scale. In short, history is shouting its lesson in the ears of the leaders and peoples of India and Pakistan: “Goli nahin, boli” (No to war, Yes to peace through dialogue). The dialogue can yield the desired results if both sides respect each other as equal sovereign nations that do not harbor overt or hidden ill intentions toward one another.

If this is the unalterable ground reality, the only workable solution is a variant of the “Four-Point Formula” mooted by Gen Pervez Musharraf and broadly supported by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Dr Manmohan Singh. Modi and his counterparts in the civilian and military establishments in Pakistan have no option but to return to discussing the “Four-Point Formula” (with some mutually acceptable modifications) if they are at all serious about discussing and finding a lasting solution to the Kashmir issue.

If Modi puts his political weight behind this idea, and if Pakistan responds with sincerity and commitment, this can become his lasting legacy. History will then hail him as a hero.

To a limited extent, both countries have shown sincerity and commitment by adhering to the Ceasefire Agreement announced on 25 February 2021. The prolonged ceasefire along the LoC has indeed brought benefits to both sides. Thousands of lives of soldiers and civilians, Indian as well as Pakistani, have been saved. The credit for this sagacious agreement should go to Ajit Doval, India’s National Security Advisor, and his counterparts in Rawalpindi.

This shows that Modi should not hesitate to open a direct and publicized communication channel with the General Headquarters in Rawalpindi. After all, if the Chinese President, Xi Jinping, can welcome Chief of Army Staff General Asim Munir and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif in Beijing (June 2024), why should Modi not extend a similar invitation to Pakistan’s COAS?

Modi ji, visit Pakistan for the SAARC Summit in 2024

So, where should Modi and Shehbaz Sharif (backed fully by the military establishment) begin? An excellent opportunity for the resumption of bilateral dialogue will open up if Modi announces his willingness to visit Pakistan to participate in the long-stalled SAARC Summit in 2024. (The last SAARC summit was hosted by Nepal in 2014.) Let us revisit the aforementioned India-Pakistan joint statement issued in Ufa in 2015. It said: “Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif reiterated his invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit Pakistan for the SAARC Summit in 2016. Prime Minister Modi accepted the invitation.” (Italics mine)

This means Pakistan’s invitation and Modi’s acceptance are as valid today as they were nearly a decade ago. The ensuing developments have only demonstrated the futility of the continuing hostility between the two great South Asian neighbors.

The real question is: Will Modi think big and become bold in his third (and last) term in office by attempting to normalize relations with Pakistan? The other equally important side of the same question is this: Will Pakistan’s civilian-military leadership show the wisdom, guided by their own country’s self-interest, to respond to Modi’s initiative in a trustworthy manner?

Let’s hope and pray that God Almighty shows the right path to the two brother-nations, which are estranged by the past but can embrace in permanent dosti in the near future.

The Federal Budget

By
M Luqman Butt
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0
On Wednesday, Federal Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb announced the budget proposals for the financial year 2024-25.

On Wednesday, Federal Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb announced the budget proposals for the financial year 2024-25. These proposals are intended to provide an all-encompassing plan for a nation striving to overcome an economic crisis. Despite the necessity for new loans and stringent measures, this budget reflects a concerted effort to balance the economic landscape and address the critical challenges faced by the country.

The federal budget for the fiscal year 2024-25 is set at 18,877 billion rupees, with a projected deficit of 8.5 billion rupees, which constitutes 5.9% of the GDP. This significant deficit underscores the nation’s ongoing struggle with its finances. To bridge this gap, the budget introduces direct and indirect additional taxes amounting to 38 trillion rupees, the highest in the country’s history. Such measures are seen as crucial steps in generating the necessary revenue to stabilize the economy.

The total revenue/receipts are estimated at 12,970 billion rupees, with provinces sharing 7,438 billion rupees, reflecting a collaborative effort to distribute financial resources effectively across the nation.

A substantial portion of the budget, amounting to 9,775 billion rupees, is allocated for interest payments on loans. This allocation highlights the pressing debt situation and the significant burden of debt servicing on the national exchequer. Amid ongoing negotiations for a higher volume and longer-term loan program from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the budget incorporates the IMF’s proposals. Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb mentioned in an interview that the IMF would review the budget if required, indicating the government’s commitment to aligning with international financial standards.

The budget proposals show that the salaried class will remain under pressure, with five new tax slabs introduced. Non-filers will face stringent measures, including a ban on foreign travel, to encourage compliance and broaden the tax base. The decision to impose additional taxes reflects the government’s effort to increase revenue but also raises concerns about the financial burden on the middle class.

In an effort to mitigate the impact of inflation, the budget proposes a 25% increase in salaries for government employees from Grade 1 to 16 and a 20% increase for those above Grade 16. This measure is seen as necessary to help employees cope with rising living costs. Additionally, a 15% increase in pensions will provide some relief to retired employees, while setting the minimum wage at 37,000 rupees per month offers support to workers across various institutions. These measures are aimed at cushioning the impact of inflation and ensuring that employees and retirees can maintain their standard of living.

The Benazir Income Support Program sees a 27% increase in allocation, totaling 593 billion rupees. This increase is intended to enhance social safety nets and support the most vulnerable segments of society.

Several initiatives, including financial autonomy programs, will be introduced under this program to promote economic empowerment and self-sufficiency among the beneficiaries.

The defense sector receives a significant allocation of 21 trillion 22 billion rupees, which is 263 billion rupees more than the previous year. This increase underscores the importance of national security and the need to ensure that the defense forces are well-equipped to handle emerging threats. The public sector development program allocates 14 trillion rupees for various projects, including foreign assistance of 3 trillion 16 billion rupees. These funds are earmarked for infrastructure development, healthcare, education, and vocational training, reflecting the government’s commitment to long-term economic growth and development.

Education receives particular attention in the budget, with 25 billion 75 crore rupees allocated for development schemes and 66 billion 31 crore rupees for higher education initiatives. These investments are aimed at improving the quality of education, enhancing vocational training, and ensuring that the workforce is equipped with the necessary skills to compete in a global economy.

In terms of sector-specific provisions, the budget proposes to increase the petroleum levy to 20 rupees per liter, affecting fuel prices and potentially increasing transportation costs. However, amid rising costs, the reduction in prices of solar panels offers a glimmer of hope for sustainable energy solutions. This measure is aimed at promoting renewable energy and reducing the nation’s dependence on fossil fuels.

Healthcare remains a priority, with a focus on ensuring that medicines, which are crucial for saving lives and restoring health, remain affordable and easily accessible. The budget recognizes the importance of basic commodities such as milk and sugar, which are essential parts of the diet for both children and adults. These items should be protected from inflationary pressures to ensure that they remain within reach of the average household.

Pathways to Gender Equality in Pakistan

By
Ramsha Ashraf
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0

“If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not avenge?” These are the words of the character Shylock from Shakespeare’s play “The Merchant of Venice,” highlighting societal discrimination. The prevalent gender inequality in Pakistan, in the words of Shakespeare, is a fruit of societal discrimination, and the situation remains abominable.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) recognizes two forms of gender discrimination: de jure (by law) and de facto (by practice). For instance, if we talk about de-facto discrimination, it posits that in the majority of developing countries, women are not permitted to hold a job or to fly a country without the approval of their father or husband. Similarly, de-jure discrimination entails a person holding the same position and performing similar duties.

The benefits for men and women differ. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, both forms of discrimination exist despite Pakistan’s endorsement of CEDAW.

The reasons for gender inequality in Pakistan are multifaceted, and the root cause is none other than patriarchy. A major reason for gender discrimination and women’s feebleness is the inaccessibility of finances, leading to the feminization of poverty. The existing laws in Pakistan underpin women’s right to ownership, but de-facto discrimination hinders their ownership and less control of financial assets. In addition to gender discrimination, on a wider spectrum, there is another phenomenon existing in Pakistan known as “gender blindness.”

Gender blindness exhibits gender inequality and aids in maintaining the status quo. Gender blindness is the negligence of recognition of roles and responsibilities of both genders that have been assigned to them politically, economically, culturally, and socially. Gender-blind policies and behaviours do not reinforce diverse needs or support different roles. Gender blindness, a benign menace, will not help transform and revolutionize the unequal structure of gender relations.

The cure for gender blindness is gender equity. Gender equity means to play fair rather than equal with everyone. It is to aim for a balanced outcome for everyone regardless of gender. Equity ensures that women, men, girls, and boys have an equal chance at the starting and finish lines.

The question arises: how do we eliminate gender inequality and achieve gender equity? This is not a task to be completed overnight. The liberal school of thought in gender studies, also advocates of gender equity, proclaims that education is the remedy for deeply rooted gender inequality. Hence, the state must rigorously fulfil its constitutional duty to enrol 26 million out-of-school children, particularly the 12 million girls.

Pakistan’s primary education and women’s universities could serve as a beacon of hope and change.

Education is a tool to empower women; women’s universities are an opportunity to provide higher education and encourage participation in STEM fields, especially in rural areas and cities with cultural barriers. Women’s universities inculcate leadership qualities, create awareness, and foster confidence. It provides space free from discrimination and empowers women by equipping them with vocational learning.  Furthermore, within the purview of education, gender studies as a discipline should be made multidisciplinary to overcome gender stereotypes.

Women universities in Pakistan also cultivate a progressive culture by promoting gender equality in cultural programs and highlighting successful female role models. Such role models engage in policy-making and implementation, serving as benchmarks for others. Female role models who were involved politically were Bi Amma, Fatimah Jinnah, Begum Rana Liaqat, and others who were influential for women, such as Benazir Bhutto, Maleeha Lodhi, Dr Yasmin Rashid, Dr Sani Nishtar, Dr Atiya Innayatullah and many other renowned personalities. Although none were graduates of women’s universities, they were educated and were a guiding light for generations.

An unconventional remedy to achieve gender equality in Pakistan is promoting women’s sports. Women’s participation in sports needs to be welcomed and encouraged. It will have a significant impact on gender dynamics. Participation in sports not only empowers women by building confidence, but it also inculcates leadership skills and teamwork.

The unconventional solution would serve as a foreground in breaking gender stereotypes and challenging societal norms.

Moreover, the role of media is paramount as it plays a part in shaping the public’s perception. As a fourth pillar of the state, the media must partake in mainstreaming women’s sports. Such efforts will help Pakistan take a colossal step towards gender equality.

To wrap up the entire discussion, if we analyze from a worm’s eye view, patriarchy prevails from bottom to top in all spheres of society. It has been deeply ingrained in our society. The silver lining to this ailment lies in an amalgamation of conventional and unconventional approaches. A holistic approach. Although Pakistan is on track to creating a just and more equitable society, concerted efforts would empower women, absolutely abolish patriarchy, and ultimately achieve gender equality.

80 Years after D-Day

By
Dr. Moonis Ahmar
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0

History was made on June 6, 1944, when Allied forces landed in Normandy, the coast of France, and unleashed the process of Nazi Germany’s defeat in the Second World War. U.S. President Joseph Biden and French President Emmanuel Macron attended the ceremony of 80 years of landing in Normandy and vowed to strengthen the transatlantic alliance.

Pledging support to Ukraine in its war with Russia, Macron and Biden warned Moscow of not escalating conflict with Kiev.

Certainly, the world has changed drastically in the last 80 years. Split in the wartime alliance because of the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe and Berlin led to the outbreak of the Cold War in 1946, which eventually culminated in the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the dismantling of the USSR in 1991. The reunification of Germany following the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 transformed the landscape of Europe. Now 80 years after the Allied landing on Normandy and the subsequent defeat of Nazi Germany, it is time to analyze why NATO is still intact and has expanded to the whole of Europe and how Russia is being encircled by the U.S-led transatlantic alliance culminating into war on Ukraine?

According to Voice of America, under the heading “Remembering D-Day” of June 6, 2024: “D-Day was codenamed “Overlord” and is regarded as the largest amphibious invasion in military history. The meaning behind the official name of the operation is more elusive. The U.S. Army said it was alliteration, while the French say the “D” stands for “disembarkation.” U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower said the name stands for “departed date,” a term used in amphibious operations. Eisenhower was the operation’s supreme commander, and 12 nations coordinated the invasion.

Using Allied forces from land, air, and sea, the operation brought five naval assault divisions to the Normandy coast. By entering Normandy, Allied forces hoped to break through and push the Germans east, gradually liberating France, which they accomplished. While more than 130,000 Allied troops reached shore that day 80 years ago, nearly 200,000 sailors operated 7,000 ships and landing craft. During the landing, casualties surpassed 10,000”.

U.S President Joseph Biden, in a statement, proclaimed June 6, 2024, as the National Day of  Remembrance of the 80th anniversary of D-Day and  urged that: “I call upon all Americans to observe this day with programs, ceremonies, and activities that honor those who fought and died so that men and women they had never met might know what it is to be free.”

Had the U.S. military not landed in Normandy and liberated France and other parts of Europe from the Nazi occupation, things would have been different with a reduced role of America in the continent.

If the Warsaw Pact disintegrated and the USSR collapsed, how did NATO survive and surge by encircling the Russian Federation? There was a time when anti-Americanism within NATO was evident to the extent that in the 1960s, France had almost departed from the Atlantic alliance. However, in the last few decades, the expansion of NATO and including former members of the Warsaw Pact in that alliance have deepened America’s role and influence in Europe. Furthermore, except Switzerland and Austria, the two neutral states of Europe, the rest are now members of NATO. The recent inclusion of Sweden and Finland in NATO is a case in point that gives a legitimate reason for the Russian Federation to resist its encirclement by denying Ukraine to join the Atlantic alliance.

The wartime alliance composed of the United States, USSR, and Britain was critical in paving the way for the Nazi defeat, but the disappearance of a common enemy split in the wartime alliance led to the outbreak of the cold war in Europe and then in Asia. The United States, which historically pursued a policy of isolation and followed the Monroe Doctrine of December 2, 1823, entered World War I and World War II late. With the defeat of Axis powers, the vacuum was filled by the United States and the then-Soviet Union.

A chain of events led to the split in the wartime alliance and the formation of NATO on April 4, 1949, followed by the launch of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) in 1955. The American role in Europe was first by launching the Marshall Plan in 1948 for the rebuilding of war-devastated Western Europe, and then the formation of NATO became paramount and is still crucial for the security of the Continent.

The landing on Normandy 80 years ago and its subsequent implications need to be analyzed from three sides. First, the United States is considered a ‘buffer’ in Europe. Still, thousands of American forces are deployed in Germany and are perceived as a sign of stability. Likewise, thousands of American forces have been deployed in Japan since the end of the Second World War and are perceived as a ‘buffer’ in Asia.

The American role as a ‘buffer’ in Europe is, however, devoid of any logic because it tends to prove the failure of European countries to salvage their own security predicament.

The war in Ukraine, which began in February 2022, was also the result of Russian opposition to Kyiv’s possible joining NATO. When Franco-German friendship, which is the core of peace and stability in Europe, is dependent on American military presence, it means the two countries are failing to play a leadership role in the continent.

Second, it is in the interest of Europe to mend fences with Russia and to revive the idea of the then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev of “Common European Home” and “Europe from Atlantic to Urals.” Instead of confronting Russia, which is still a major power with a colossal nuclear arsenal and a permanent seat in the UN Security Council, Europe needs to enter into a process of dialogue with Moscow. After all, some of the European countries had used Russian gas, and after the imposition of sanctions on Moscow, there was an energy crisis in Europe.

By mending fences with Russia, Europe can certainly hope to de-escalate tension and prevent the expansion of war in Ukraine in its neighborhood. Europe should engage Russia through dialogue and negotiations instead of solely depending on the United States to provide a security umbrella under NATO. American role in the defeat of Axis powers during the Second World War may be crucial, but 80 years after D-Day, it is time for European countries to revisit their entrenched bearing in NATO and sort out security threats that America has exploited to deepen its presence in Europe.

Third, President Biden may be committed to safeguarding European security under NATO’s umbrella, but one also needs to be mindful of how critical former American president Donald Trump was of NATO, particularly in meeting financial obligations.

If Trump returns to power following the November 2024 presidential elections, he may not follow anti-Russian rhetoric on Ukraine.

American role in defeating Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy during the Second World War cannot be denied, but after 80 years, to remind Europe that without its security umbrella, it will face Russian onslaught lacks reason. The security of Europe should be the domain of the countries of that continent. Russia’s role in Europe cannot be undermined because of its geographical presence in that continent, and most of its urban centers are located in its European part.

It seems that both the U.S. and major European members of NATO will have to grapple with issues related to Russia, Ukraine, and the continent’s security predicament in the years to come. For that matter, Europe needs to consider ground realities, particularly the threat that Russia faces from the U.S.-led NATO policy of encirclement and rendering military support to Ukraine.

Digital Silk Road: Strategic Benefits for Pakistan

By
Hamna Imran
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0

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the centrality and significance of digital infrastructure and connectivity have been brought to light. Many businesses were rendered helpless due to their dependence on traditional means of connectivity. The Digital Silk Road, which was announced in 2015, was re-boosted in 2022.

The central agenda of DSR was to enhance digital connectivity and infrastructure by exporting 5G technologies and artificial intelligence, localizing e-commerce, and reducing exposure to cyberattacks.

The pandemic brought to light the disparity brought about by the digital divide, which resulted in substandard health infrastructure, lack of access to online education and fewer e-commerce business opportunities. The DSR served as an opportunity to lessen the reliance on traditional means of connectivity and integrate the whole system digitally.

The DSR envisioned President Xi’s goal of making China “the global innovation and technology hub”. The central purpose of DSR was to revolutionize China’s information and communication technology industry. Still, it subsequently led to the strengthening of internet connectivity in South Asia, Africa, and some European countries. Nonetheless, the development of the Digital Silk Road certainly provides an opportunity for developing countries like Pakistan to close the digital divide.

Under this program, China has launched 2 flagship projects: the PEACE (Pakistan East Africa Connecting Europe) and CPFOP (China Pakistan Fiber Optic Project). The PEACE cable will ensure Pakistan’s maritime connectivity to countries of East Africa and Europe, and land connectivity will be enabled by CPFOP. The CPFOP is an 820km long cable with a cost of 46 million, which is projected to lead to the provision of 3G and 4G in Gilgit-Baltistan, Kashmir, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These two projects alone have the potential to create job opportunities in the digital services sector, such as online education, freelancing, health services, and advice through medical apps. However, these projects necessitate the preference of local businessmen over foreign entrepreneurs.

Pakistan, which was previously reliant on India for its internet cable, will now have a direct connection from China. This will presumably protect Pakistan from the surveillance and espionage risks it faced from India. Since sensitive data was transferred through these cables, Pakistan was vulnerable to interception from India, which is now reduced. However, while assessing the benefits of DSR, it should not be forgotten that the risk of surveillance and exploitation of personal data still prevails in China.

In the ongoing tech war between the US and China, China has been desperate to gather large amounts of data for the operation of their AI-based technology, which they might obtain from the countries which are included in the PEACE cable and from projects like the Bei Dou navigation system, which is used for geographic surveying or mapping. It is due to these reasons that the US and other European countries have labelled it as tech-enabled authoritarianism.

China’s broad expertise in AI and cyber warfare can have a spillover effect. They can help the Pakistani people to develop their systems of cyber security and protect their critical infrastructure.

What do these technologies and infrastructure mean for Pakistan? Moreover, what practical changes will be envisioned through DSR? This might include the development of smart cities, where everything from agriculture to health facilities is managed through applications on your phone, or the condition of crops is monitored through the application of technology.

Another important feature of smart cities might be the adoption and rapid progression of 5G, not only across the urban areas but in the chronically underdeveloped areas of Baluchistan like Gwadar port and north Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. The seamlessness of business will also be made possible by the expansion of DSR, which will enable e-commerce facilities to reach diverse areas and make businesses operate swiftly. The digitalization of rural areas through DSR will allow the population of those areas to be more connected with the digital world and use it to transform the information and communication infrastructure of these areas.

This digital connectivity is important in the economic aspect as a well-connected region increases efficiency and productivity and has a positive impact on the economic growth of the region as well. The expansion of DSR will ensure smooth trade operations, which will reduce trade and cultural barriers.

Moreover, it will open opportunities for the inclusion of women in businesses, who can participate in businesses built on e-commerce from the comfort of their homes. In addition to that, digital infrastructure will allow the government of Pakistan to be aware of the development and progress happening in the provincial areas through e-government portals while simultaneously managing the federal territory.

These developments will, in turn, contribute to enhancing the country’s investment climate and make the regions associated with DSR feasible for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

In case of terrorism and other insurgency threats which are more persistent in the Baluchistan region, the DSR will contribute to increasing the surveillance and tracking capabilities of the region to track terrorist activity.

Another aspect of DSR is the provision of digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), which will lead to high-definition (HD) broadcasting even in remote areas. This can contribute to the forging of cultural bonds and inculcating a sense of homogeneity by capitalizing on the power of electronic media.

However, even though digital connectivity could prove to be the missing link in solving the problem of terrorism in Pakistan, the persistence of terrorism and cultural barriers pose the biggest threat to the advent of digital connectivity. If Pakistan is unable to overcome these challenges, they could impede the expansion of DSR, as MNCs would hesitate to invest in a country which is prone to terrorism and consequently has unstable conditions to keep the environment favourable for foreign investors. Moreover, the aversion of the rural people to technology and their lack of adaptability might pose a challenge for the budding local e-commerce businesses.

The downside of DSR is that countries like Pakistan and other East African countries can get caught in the crossfire of the breeding tech war between China and the US. Nonetheless, it provides an opportunity for Pakistan to boost its digital infrastructure and harness it to create integration.

Pakistan’s Plan to Cut Government Spending

By
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Munir
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0
With the goal of revitalizing the nation's economy, the government has implemented a series of resolute actions focused on curbing government expenditures and reorganizing the federal administration.

With the goal of revitalizing the nation’s economy, the government has implemented a series of resolute actions focused on curbing government expenditures and reorganizing the federal administration. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has declared the shutdown of the Pakistan Public Works Department (PakPWD) and the relocation of its 7,000 staff members to other ministries. These actions are part of a larger effort to simplify government processes and improve cost-effectiveness.

Prime Minister Sharif, in a high-level meeting with federal ministries and top economic officials, stressed the need to take prompt measures against agencies that are not fulfilling expectations. He highlighted that PakPWD has been consistently afflicted by subpar performance and corruption over the years, resulting in its failure to achieve its intended goals. As a result, the decision was taken to close down PakPWD, and other plans were put in place to finish its current projects.

The decision to close a department that has been in operation for a significant period is a courageous action. PakPWD, being one of the oldest government institutions, was primarily responsible for managing public construction and maintenance projects. Nevertheless, the department has been useless due to years of incompetence and corruption.

The Prime Minister’s decree demonstrates an uncompromising stance against corruption and inefficiency inside government entities. This action is anticipated to save substantial resources that were previously being squandered on an inefficient institution.

The Prime Minister had previously formed a group consisting of seven members with the objective of devising methods to decrease government spending. During the meeting, the committee put up its proposals, proposing the closure or consolidation of certain government agencies in order to save expenses. Prime Minister Sharif has tasked this committee with the job of implementing institutional changes, pushing them to suggest more steps to reduce the size of the federal structure and improve cost-effectiveness.

The job of this committee is vital in identify other departments that may be unnecessary or underperforming. The proposals put forward by this committee will play a crucial role in reducing wasteful government spending and maximizing the allocation of resources. The primary objective is to establish a streamlined and highly functional governmental framework that can operate efficiently within the existing financial limitations.

The personnel of PakPWD are experiencing considerable agitation due to the closing of the department. They argue that the department is constitutionally protected and hence cannot be terminated. A representative from PakPWD emphasized the department’s responsibility in overseeing the maintenance of a majority of government assets, which requires the establishment of a meticulous strategy for implementing alternate arrangements and resolving staff concerns. The workers are contemplating seeking legal recourse to contest the closure and safeguard their entitlements.

The government’s intention to relocate the 7,000 PakPWD staff to other ministries is an effort to lessen the consequences of the shutdown. Nevertheless, it is crucial to handle this transition process with caution to guarantee that people are reallocated in a way that optimizes their talents and preserves their job stability.

The workers’ fear is legitimate, and the government should take measures to provide transparency and assistance during this moment of change.

There is an ongoing examination of the effectiveness of many other government-operated organizations since they have experienced significant financial losses. The process of privatization for some of these institutions is already in progress. Nevertheless, the Railways Department, which was also included in the list, has shown remarkable progress in generating money, reaching an unprecedented peak. Considering that railroads are a crucial mode of transportation for the less affluent people, there is a compelling case for maintaining government control over this sector to avoid fee hikes that sometimes accompany privatization.

The enhancement in the Railways Department is an encouraging indication. This illustrates that with effective administration and policies, government-operated organizations may achieve profitability and efficiency. Privatizing such a crucial service may result in an increase in fares, which would have a greater impact on low-income citizens who depend on trains for inexpensive transit. Hence, it is essential to maintain government authority while simultaneously enhancing operational effectiveness.

The recent fiscal restraint measures enacted at the federal level have started to have favorable outcomes. The current economic data are showing positive signs, as the inflation rates are down, and the value of the rupee is becoming more stable. Moreover, the index measuring new investments has increased, indicating a favorable change in economic circumstances. Notwithstanding these advancements, the presence of political instability continues to pose a substantial barrier to achieving long-term economic stability.

These approaches include reducing wasteful expenses, optimizing the allocation of resources, and introducing cost-effective technology. The success of these policies is shown by the stabilization of the rupee and the reduction in inflation rates. Moreover, the rise in new investments signifies a strengthening of investor trust in the country’s economic policies.

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