Support Us

Write For Us!

Opinions, Analysis, and Rebuttals.

Writers Pool
About Us

A Global Digital Think-Tank on Policy Discourse.

Home Blog Page 134

Dealing with Afghanistan Crisis After the US Withdrawal

By
Dr. Usman
-
0
US fall of Kabul

The Afghan Republic government fell on August 15, 2021, and the Taliban seized control of Kabul, the country’s capital. On August 30, 2021, at 11:59 p.m. local time, the last American military aircraft that carried the last American soldier—Major General Chris Donahue, commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division—departed Kabul, bringing an end to the country’s almost 20-year-long conflict in Afghanistan.

There have been several areas of progress over the last 20 years, most notably in education, civil government institutions, the media, the economy, civil society, healthcare, and regional connections.

The sudden departure thus led to a political vacuum, which in turn led to a humanitarian and political catastrophe with far-reaching effects. There have been several areas of progress over the last 20 years, most notably in education, civil government institutions, the media, the economy, civil society, healthcare, and regional connections.

The literacy rate increased dramatically, which is very crucial. The predicted adult total literacy rate (those over the age of 15) in 2018 was 43%; this included 55.5% men, 29.8% women, and 13.3% seniors (those over 65). The anticipated overall youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in 2018 was 65.4%, with males making up 74.1% and females 56.3%. The achievements from the last two decades that were so laboriously gained now run the danger of being undone under the present conditions. The United States of America, the United Nations, the European Union, China, Russia, and neighboring Central Asian republics should use preventive diplomacy and find a workable solution to the crisis in Afghanistan in order to preserve the hard-won gains of the last two decades and prevent the impending socio-economic and political-security negative spillover effects.

Women and girls make up 49 percent of the estimated 40 million Afghans who are barred from participating in public life, including a prohibition on attending high schools and colleges and limitations on employment. Studies indicate that Afghanistan is among the most oppressive nations for women and girls because of the Taliban’s stringent regulations. After the Afghan Republic government fell, direct foreign development aid, which made up 75% of state spending, was halted. Two-thirds of Afghans, or 28.3 million people, need immediate humanitarian aid in 2023, and 17 million more will be in danger of hunger.

Afghanistan is seeing a resurgence of insurgent organizations, notably the self-declared Islamic State of Khorasan (ISIS-K), an ISIS offshoot. ISIS-K allegedly developed “strength and visibility” in Afghanistan when the Taliban took over the nation, and the organization could cause problems outside of Afghanistan, according to a U.N. Security Council report.

Army Gen. Michael Kurilla, who oversees U.S. Central Command, recently warned that within six months, the terrorist group will be able to carry out attacks against American and European interests outside of Afghanistan “with little to no warning.” Afghanistan’s potential decline as a state might make it an unsuspecting home for terrorist organizations, and the Taliban’s refusal to break with Al-Qaeda could worsen security conditions in the region and beyond.

Since August 2021, fewer casualties have occurred due to the lack of hostilities and increased general security. However, rising inflation, unstable economies, widespread human rights abuses, extrajudicial killings, abductions of children, exclusion of women and girls from secondary and higher education, bans on working for international NGOs, claims that “female NGO staff had broken dress codes by not wearing hijabs,” and international sanctions made the situation even worse.

Regardless of gender, all Afghan residents should have access to high-quality education since it is a basic human right. Thought and speech freedom are fundamental human rights that should not be criminalized or interfered with extrajudicially. Since the Taliban took control of the country, 1.6 million more Afghans have entered the neighboring nations of Tajikistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan.

A new Afghan administration with assistance from the West was established due to the Bonn Accord, which was reached in 2001 between Afghan political leaders under the auspices of the U.N. The E.U., the U.S., and other nations provided the newly elected administration with significant political and financial help for the country’s restoration and rehabilitation. Despite many obstacles, the support aided in guiding the nation toward development.

The Taliban, a religious organization, now controls Afghanistan without receiving internal legitimacy via elections or international recognition from any nation. Their exclusive strategy might make the countries political and security situation worse. They have not shown a desire to organize elections and do not intend to since they consider religious interpretations the source of their authority. This political impasse might push the nation into yet another conflict or disaster.

The U.S., U.N., E.U., Russia, China, and Central Asia can prevent the delicate situation from imploding by preventative diplomacy before it worsens. The United States is the major supplier of money to Afghanistan.  For the years 2021 and 2022, respectively, the E.U. budgeted €222 million and €174 million for humanitarian assistance provided by aid agencies working in the nation and the area.

The U.S., E.U., and other nations’ humanitarian assistance may momentarily ameliorate the humanitarian issues. However, a developing socioeconomic and political security crisis would affect more than just Afghanistan and might also have repercussions for the surrounding area. The nations in the area and beyond, especially the U.S., China, Russia, and the E.U., must increase their diplomatic, political, and economic power to prevent Afghanistan’s socioeconomic and political-security ramifications from increasing.

The E.U. and the U.S. have the resources and ability to step in and prevent a possible crisis from becoming worse. In particular, the E.U. has diplomatic representation and special envoys in Afghanistan and its neighboring countries, allowing them to use their political influence and leverage to pressure the Taliban to start a dialogue to reach a political settlement considering all facets of the Afghan political landscape. The most recent talks in Brussels between the E.U. and Central Asia Special Representatives and Special Envoys for Afghanistan are successful measures, but a real push is still needed to alter the leadership of the Taliban’s behavior.

With the help of relief agencies working in Afghanistan and the area, the U.S., E.U., and China can alleviate the present humanitarian situation while enlisting other nations’ help. Furthermore, the U.S., the E.U., and China can persuade the Taliban to demonstrate their willingness, initially through a conventional Loya Jirga, which could open the door for more representative government, elections, meaningful representation for women in all socio-political spheres, and respect for human rights.

Using their politico-religious influence, Gulf nations, particularly Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, might play a significant role. In addition, several neighboring nations, particularly Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, often worry about potential spillover effects. These nations might be persuaded to take on user roles.

Program Offices and Field Missions for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) are in Central Asia. These offices might aid in addressing certain Afghanistan-related side effects, including drug trafficking and human rights violations.

In conclusion, throughout the last forty years, Afghanistan has endured turbulent political upheavals that have led to the present political deadlock, resulting from repeated political mistakes. To avoid escalation, the U.S., the E.U., China, and other regional players should constantly watch the quickly changing situation in Afghanistan.

Establishing a broad-based and inclusive government is essential to ensuring political stability and full representation across all social strata. An inclusive government can uphold human rights, provide adequate representation for women and racial and religious minorities, and combat the threat of terrorism and extremism. Additionally, it can guarantee everyone has access to education, which might aid Afghanistan in resolving its lengthy issue.

 

The Hawk’s Dominance in Iran’s IRGC VS Azerbaijani Intelligence

By
Asma Khan Durrani
-
0
Iran Military Drills Near Azerbaijan's Border

Tensions in Iran-Azerbaijan relations persist in numerous areas after the terrorist assault on the Azerbaijani embassy in Tehran on January 27, 2023, which resulted in one security guard’s death and another’s injury.

Azerbaijan evacuated its diplomats from the Tehran embassy back to Baku because it was troubled by the fact that the Tehran police shielded the terrorist who attacked its embassy, and the motivation for it was not made public. Moreover, the counter-operation carried out by the Azerbaijan Intelligence Organisation against Iran’s espionage network in Azerbaijan over the previous seven months resulted in the detention of hundreds of individuals as suspects. Finally, the Azerbaijani foreign ministry handed four diplomats in the Iranian embassy in Baku 48 hours to leave the country with their families before declaring them persona non grata. Such circumstances often occur when diplomats operate in a manner inconsistent with their obligations and meddle in nations’ domestic affairs. The judgments made by the parliaments also showed the animosity between the two nations. The Iranian parliament passed a resolution that was directed toward Azerbaijan. In a statement, the Azerbaijani parliament responded to this action by calling it unfit for good neighborliness.

 

The commander of Iran’s troops threatened Azerbaijan as his country conducted three military drills along its border with that country in the previous year. The Iranian Revolutionary Guards are using films to intimidate Azerbaijan. The most recent video they made showed Iranian kamikaze UAVs bombing Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan retaliated by conducting its military drills, and its defense ministry charged Iran with sponsoring terrorism in the area.

Although tension has been shifting between Iran and Azerbaijan over the last 30 years, this level has never been achieved. There are two explanations for the current stress in relationships. The first is Iran’s 2021 election of hardline candidate Ibrahim Reisi as president. Second, the Reisi administration sought to alter the new geopolitical landscape developed in the area after Azerbaijan’s victory in Karabakh.

Revolutionary Guard appointments rose when Ibrahim Reisi was elected president, and the hardline faction’s influence on Iran’s Azerbaijan policy grew. Ibrahim Reisi and President Ilham Aliyev met twice, but the meetings did not calm tensions; instead, they heightened them.

Iran believes that the outcomes of the Karabakh conflict have inspired the 30 million Azerbaijanis who live there and reinforced their sense of national identity. Iran is troubled by the Karabakh Victory has altered the geopolitical realities in the area in favor of Azerbaijan. Tehran is using Azerbaijan to exert psychological pressure to eliminate this outcome.

 

By reopening the Azerbaijani embassy in Israel. According to the Reisi regime, it is improper for a Muslim nation to establish an embassy in Israel. However, there are other Muslim nations with embassies in Israel besides Azerbaijan. Several Muslim nations have held embassies in Israel in the past. On the other hand, Azerbaijan has long noted Iran’s sensitivity to this subject, but a shift in attitude was brought on by the Second Karabakh War and Iran’s subsequent aggressive actions.

Tehran acknowledges the danger posed, in particular, by reopening the Azerbaijani embassy in Israel. According to the Reisi regime, it is improper for a Muslim nation to establish an embassy in Israel. However, there are other Muslim nations with embassies in Israel besides Azerbaijan. Several Muslim nations have held embassies in Israel in the past. On the other hand, Azerbaijan has long noted Iran’s sensitivity to this subject, but a shift in attitude was brought on by the Second Karabakh War and Iran’s subsequent aggressive actions. Baku reacted in like to Iran’s aid to Armenia, which had annexed Azerbaijani territory. A few miles from the Azerbaijani border, in Kafan, Armenia, Iran erected a consulate after the war. Iranian Foreign Minister Hüseyin Abdullahian attended the ceremony and referred to Armenia’s security—which had occupied Azerbaijani territory for 30 years—as Iran’s security. Iran maintained its silence throughout the 30 years that Azerbaijani territory was occupied, but in the years after the war, it declared the defense of Armenia’s boundaries to be its red line.

It is also known that Iran dispatched troops to Armenia simultaneously to serve as military advisors and equip and train Armenian forces. It is feared that Iran, which employs asymmetric warfare strategies in Libya, Yemen, and Syria, would deploy the same strategies against Azerbaijan through Armenia and gain an advantage.

It is conceivable to link the recent Iranian earthquakes Azerbaijan links recent geopolitical changes in the area with Iran’s escalating hostility. These include Turkey’s upcoming elections, Iran’s expanding ties with Russia and China, and its normalization of relations with Saudi Arabia. Turkey is a crucial ally of Azerbaijan. The closer ties with these nations have boosted the Iranian hawks’ self-assurance. He intends to use them to his advantage to change the geopolitical landscape of the area in his favor after the Karabakh War.

Following the conflict, Azerbaijan made crucial moves to placate Iran. The inaugural meeting of Azerbaijan’s six-party platform for regional cooperation, which exclusively included governments from the area, including Iran, was held in Moscow. The second was scheduled to occur in Ankara, but Iran demanded that it occur in Tehran. Of course, the parties rejected this regional imposition since it was unreasonable. In addition, President Ilham Aliyev went to the Araz River between Iran and Azerbaijan after the war and declared it to be the boundary of two friendly nations. In order to allay Iran’s worries over the Zangezur corridor, Azerbaijan also struck an agreement with Iran to construct a new bridge over the Araz River, which was eventually finished. These actions, however, did not placate Iran.

Contrarily, Iran is deterred by Azerbaijan’s network of allies in the face of these efforts from Tehran. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Turkish President Recep Tayyib Erdogan signed the Shusha Declaration on allied relations between their two countries in Shusha, freed from occupation on June 15, 2021. This move elevated the two nations’ military defense sector cooperation to a new level. This proclamation eventually received the support of both nations’ parliaments and was recognized internationally. Azerbaijan’s ties with Pakistan, another Muslim nation, are crucial. Following the Second Karabakh War, joint trilateral exercises were held in Azerbaijan by the special forces of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Pakistan. In addition, Iran could not convince Moscow to join forces with Russia against Azerbaijan.

Although there have always been tense relations between Iran and Azerbaijan, Ibrahim Reisi’s election as president of Iran in 2021 and the Revolutionary Guards’ control over the country’s security and foreign policy led to the hardline groups taking control of Azerbaijani policy. Iran exerts pressure on Azerbaijan to concede to its demands in diplomatic negotiations by pursuing an aggressive strategy towards that country. Azerbaijan, however, is demonstrating that it will not concede Iran the geopolitical advantage won in the Second Karabakh War at the diplomatic level.

Extent of China’s influence on the longevity of the Saudi-Iranian Reproachment

By
Dr. Usman
-
0

The normalization process between Saudi Arabia and Iran seems to have changed course in the wake of China’s arrival. It is believed that the recently inked deal between Riyadh and Tehran would dramatically change Middle Eastern geopolitics. Due to stringent sanctions, Tehran had been cut off from mainstream regional politics until China’s arrangement was mediated. Saudi Arabia is also quite optimistic that the agreement would stop additional attempts to harm its regional interests.

The overall consensus on the significance of the alleged contract is largely divided since no specifics regarding the latest arrangement have been reported in the media. Some claim that the development is substantial and will greatly impact the area. This is the first time China has replaced the US in the region’s agreement-broking process. The US acted as the only party to broker the agreements from the Camp David Agreement in 1978 through the Abraham Accords in 2020. However, given the entrenched conflicts in the area and the intricate geopolitics of the Middle East and West Asia, this specific event won’t mean much for some people. However, the sustainability element under Chinese supervision is crucial since the US and other European nations’ track records of meditating in the area have been dismal. So, the million-dollar issue is whether China can guarantee the longevity of the Saudi-Iran agreement.

Three factors—increasing pressure on the Iranian government, the appearance of chilly relations between Riyadh and Washington, and third, the US’s lackadaisical attitude towards the region—were responsible for the success. Tehran’s annoyance is understandable given the country’s terrible economic situation, which has led to several rallies, including the most recent one over Masha Amini’s murder, in which US media, in particular, played a devil’s advocate.

Be aware that Beijing was neither a negotiator nor a guarantor before looking for a response to the specific point presented above. Instead, it helped the two sides communicate to resolve an agreement pending since 2016. Second, the agreement shouldn’t be considered a victory for China over the US in a conflict. Instead, three factors—increasing pressure on the Iranian government, the appearance of chilly relations between Riyadh and Washington, and third, the US’s lackadaisical attitude towards the region—were responsible for the success. Tehran’s annoyance is understandable given the country’s terrible economic situation, which has led to several rallies, including the most recent one over Masha Amini’s murder, in which US media, in particular, played a devil’s advocate. Likewise, the two years of strained relations between Riyadh and Washington contributed to laying the groundwork for US replacement. Washington’s obsession with the conflict in Ukraine is primarily to blame for the US’s lackluster attitude to the Middle East and, in particular, the warming relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran. In light of this, China’s involvement amid escalating doubts over the rapprochement of Saudi Arabia and Iran was not unexpected.

On the other hand, China has long been worried about tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran since both nations are Beijing’s main trading partners, and a settlement between the two bitter foes would be in the best interests of Beijing’s fundamental regional economic interests. Beijing’s current position, however, is essentially the same as Islamabad’s during the US-China reconciliation in 1971, which was confined to arranging meetings between the two nations and had little effect on changing their hostile to amicable ties. China also used its clout to persuade Riyadh and Tehran to negotiate. However, it would be premature to assert that Beijing could usher in a new era in bilateral ties given that normalization is a difficult and protracted process, with the latest agreement just marking the beginning of a long and arduous journey.

China has long been worried about tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran since both nations are Beijing’s main trading partners, and a settlement between the two bitter foes would be in the best interests of Beijing’s fundamental regional economic interests.

Realistically, China had an easier time persuading Iran and Saudi Arabia since Beijing was not just a friendly neighbor but also a non-partisan one. Furthermore, Beijing was better able to broker a deal between the two regional rivals because of its economic might. Beijing, however, typically lacks both the political will and the capacity to cope with the intricate sectarian, religious, and ethnic conflicts in the area, making it difficult for normalization to continue. One can only hope that proxy politics in the area, especially in Yemen, will lessen. However, it’s also crucial to understand that, in addition to Saudi Arabia and Iran, most regional confrontations include other possible parties and non-state players. For instance, the fight in Yemen is mostly between Yemenis who are split into many factions, some acting independently to carry out the orders of Riyadh and Tehran. Because of this, the settlement is not simple. For a domestic solution to be reached, that would be acceptable to Yemenis as well, Riyadh and Tehran must collaborate. Here, China’s limited sway over a number of possible Saudi-Iran nexus parties might restrict its potential position as a mediator. Furthermore, China can be inadvertently drawn into the Middle East’s geopolitical quagmire if Riyadh and Iran fail to resolve the complaints of the many parties engaged in ongoing crises.

In conclusion, the future viability of the Saudi-Iran deal largely depends on three variables:

  1. How effectively Beijing responds to difficult circumstances.
  2. How much practical flexibility do Iran and Saudi Arabia show in their rigid positions?
  3. How the region’s geopolitics changed in response to US and Israeli future Middle East policies.

However, it is up to Riyadh and Tehran to protect the normalization process from outside interference. On the other hand, China has amicable connections with Riyadh and Tehran and will continue to push them to maintain their good relations even if the accord comes to an abrupt conclusion.

China can be inadvertently drawn into the Middle East’s geopolitical quagmire if Riyadh and Iran fail to resolve the complaints of the many parties engaged in ongoing crises.

Since normalization is a difficult and drawn-out process, greater support and recognition from regional and extra-regional nations is essential since China cannot guarantee the longevity of the Saudi-Iran agreement on its own. Pakistan’s contribution is essential to achieving Beijing’s goals since Islamabad has often given its good offices and attempted to defuse tensions between the two nations. The normalization process may also go smoothly if the US provides encouraging assistance.

 

 

Nuclear Energy in Pakistan: Harnessing the Power, Confronting the Complexities

By
Nadir Ali
-
1

A severe energy crisis has been plaguing Pakistan for a number of years due to an insufficient electricity supply and rising energy demand. The majority of the nation’s energy needs are met by costly and environmentally harmful non-renewable resources like oil and gas. The country’s social and economic development has additionally been negatively impacted by the energy crisis. Pakistan has implemented several measures in recent years to address the energy crisis and move toward renewable energy sources. Wind, solar, and hydropower plants are just some of the renewable energy initiatives undertaken by the Government. These projects have contributed to those objectives by reducing the nation’s reliance on non-renewable resources and diversifying the country’s energy mix.

Similarly, Pakistan is looking into alternative energy sources, and nuclear energy has emerged as a potential remedy.

Nuclear power plants, though, have the capacity to generate a significant amount of electricity at a low cost and with little greenhouse gas emissions.

Furthermore, Pakistan’s energy mix now includes nuclear energy as an important component. Pakistan had six nuclear power plants that were operational in 2022. Being able to produce a lot of electricity at a low cost is one of nuclear power’s key benefits. Pakistan’s operating nuclear power plants have assisted the nation in diversifying its energy mix and lowering its reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, by fostering local industries and creating job opportunities, nuclear power plants have made a significant contribution to the economic growth of the areas in which they are situated.

Besides, the main benefit of nuclear energy is its capacity to produce a lot of electricity at a reasonable price. The continuous operation makes nuclear power plants a dependable source of electricity. The drawbacks of nuclear energy, however, include issues with waste management, safety, and high initial costs. Therefore, nuclear power plant safety is of utmost concern, and any breach of safety procedures could have disastrous effects. Nuclear waste must also be properly managed because it is highly radioactive and must be disposed of safely. Whereas, natural resources like sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat are used to create non-polluting renewable energy sources. The sustainability and low environmental impact of renewable energy sources are their main advantages. These sources don’t produce hazardous waste or release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere like fossil fuels and nuclear power.

Furthermore, as traditional energy sources become more expensively comparable to renewable energy sources, a wider range of consumers and states can now access renewable energy. Despite that, nuclear energy has come to light in Pakistan as a potential solution to the state’s energy crisis. Pakistan’s energy mix has become more diverse, and its reliance on fossil fuels has decreased as a result of the operational nuclear power plants. However, the government of Pakistan has set a goal for the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to account for 60% of the nation’s total energy mix by 2030.

For Pakistan to have a sustainable energy future, it is essential to develop both nuclear energy and renewable energy sources.

Thus, future energy-related changes in Pakistan are anticipated to be significant. The government must put in place measures to promote the growth of renewable energy, like feed-in tariffs and net metering, in order to meet this goal.

Simultaneously, the dependability and stability of nuclear energy are two of its most important benefits. As opposed to renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which depend on the weather, nuclear power plants can run at full capacity for extended periods of time, ensuring a steady supply of electricity. In addition to emitting fewer greenhouse gases and being more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels, nuclear energy is a desirable option for halting climate change.

However, there are many significant problems with nuclear energy as well, such as risks associated with proliferation, management of waste, and safety issues.

Complex machines like nuclear power plants need highly trained operators and cutting-edge technology to run safely.

As evidenced by the Chornobyl and Fukushima accidents, a single malfunction can have disastrous effects. There are serious safety concerns due to Pakistan’s outdated power infrastructure and a shortage of trained personnel.

Similarly, another important concern for nuclear energy is the safe disposal of nuclear waste. Because it is highly radioactive, nuclear waste is dangerous for living things’ health. The government has taken action to address the issues, including investing in nuclear safety, establishing a nuclear regulatory authority, and creating a national strategy for the disposal of radioactive waste. Pakistan has also ratified international treaties and agreements on nuclear security, non-proliferation, and security as a symbol of its commitment to the peaceful use of nuclear technology.

Macron’s Visit & Assessing France’s China Diplomacy

By
Saher Liaqat
-
0

EU-China relations have remained strained since the EU-China Summit in April last year, which the EU foreign-policy chief Josep Borrell called the “dialogue of the deaf.” China’s retaliation to EU sanctions on Russia, trade measures against the single market, humanitarian issues in Hongkong and Xinjiang, and its stance on the Ukraine conflict have further complicated the two. However, despite these challenges, the EU remained committed to engaging and cooperating with China due to its crucial role in addressing global issues. The EU’s approach towards China, outlined in the “Strategic Outlook” Joint Communication from March 2019, remains relevant.

In recent months, Beijing has welcomed many European dignitaries. Last November, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz visited Beijing following the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, followed by Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez to China on March 31st this year. The recent visit of French President Emmanuel Macron, escorted by EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, to China, from April 5th -7th, however, has ruffled feathers of a possible realignment of the EU towards Beijing.

Since assuming office, French President Emmanuel Macron has prioritized bolstering economic and cultural ties with China. Macron deemed the economic ties with Beijing crucial for the country’s economic progress and global impact. During Macron’s first official visit to China in 2018, the Two countries signed multiple agreements regarding nuclear energy, agriculture, and tourism. Macron also urged China to address market access and trade imbalance issues. Despite challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and France’s initial stance on China’s Belt and Road Initiative, Sino-French economic ties became stronger. In 2019, China became the biggest foreign investor in France, and the two countries are cooperating in various avenues, such as intellectual property rights, green finance, and civil aviation.

France and China are major global trade players and significant export markets for each other. In 2021, trade volumes between the two countries reached an all-time high.

However, the total value of goods traded between China and France in 2022 was US$81.33 billion, a decrease of 4.4 percent compared to the same period in 2021, with a reduction of US$3.84 billion.

During his recent visit to China, French President Emmanuel Macron emphasized the importance of Western engagement with China to prevent further tensions and divisions among global powers. The mediation of the Ukraine war has remained a significant feature of Macron’s visit as he stressed the need to end the crisis and return to the negotiating table.

Macron was deeply impressed with China’s emerging role as a global mediator after Beijing brokered the Saudi-Iran deal and expressed that Beijing should also take a central role in resolving the Ukraine crisis.

President Xi has also expressed interest in mediating the Ukrainian conflict. As part of this commitment, both nations have pledged to assist in resolving the ongoing conflict in Ukraine through dialogue. They also called on the international community to address the various spillover effects of the crisis, such as those in food, energy, finance, transportation, and other areas, and to minimize its negative impact, particularly on developing countries.

In a joint statement, both countries have embarked on a new level of Sino-French ties by reinforcing political dialogue and promoting mutual political confidence, endorsing global security and stability, promoting economic interactions, encouraging people-to-people exchanges, and proclaiming a joint response to global challenges.

France and China have emphasized the significance of maintaining high-level contacts and dialogues to advance bilateral cooperation.

The leadership from France and China agreed to continue their annual meetings and to hold another session of their strategic dialogues, economic and financial dialogues, and people-to-people exchanges by the end of the year.

They have reiterated their dedication to creating a comprehensive strategic partnership built on mutual respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty, and critical interests. Furthermore, they have concurred to intensify talks on strategic matters and strengthen their mutual comprehension of international and regional security concerns.

France and China have also accentuated their support for strengthening the international multilateral system under the patronage of the United Nations. They have confirmed their commitment to promoting the three pillars of the Treaty on Nuclear Non-Proliferation in a balanced manner. The two countries condemned any military attack on nuclear power plants or other peaceful nuclear facilities. They backed the International Atomic Energy Agency’s efforts to maintain their safety and security. Furthermore, they agreed to retain their discussions on strategic and cyber issues, affirmed their commitment to finding a political and diplomatic resolution to the nuclear issue of Iran, and agreed to continue close consultations on the situation in the Korean Peninsula.

In line with their commitment to work together to address global challenges, both countries are dedicated to ensuring global food supply chain stability, supporting countries hardest hit by the food crisis, and promoting sustainable food systems. They also endorsed a rules-based, WTO-centered multilateral trading system. They pledged to cooperate to help to develop and access financing to developing countries to accelerate their energy and climate transition. Additionally, they agreed to enhance their cooperation within the G20 and assist in implementing the Common Framework for Debt Treatments, embraced by Paris Club and the G20. By calling for increased action in channeling special drawing rights (SDR), both committed to the fight against climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation.

French President Emmanuel Macron has emphasized the need for Europe to reduce its reliance on the United States and to develop its strategic autonomy. His statement that Europe should not blindly follow the US and avoid becoming involved in external crises, likely referencing Taiwan, has led some to accuse him of undermining the trans-Atlantic stance against China. However, Macron clarified that France still supports the current status quo in Taiwan. He called for the EU to implement a “strategic autonomy” policy and become a “third pole” alongside China and the US, emphasizing that Europe must avoid becoming embroiled in its crises.

To recap, while France’s focus on strengthening economic ties with China could trigger a possible geopolitical realignment within the EU regarding its China policy, it remains contingent upon the peaceful resolution of the Ukraine crisis that has remained the sticking point of the recent visit.

The EU’s stance on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and its differences with China over various issues have created a complex and challenging relationship that requires careful navigation.

ISKP’s Presence in Afghanistan: A Growing Concern for Taliban

By
Abu Hurrairah Abbasi
-
0

On March 9, 2023, an incident occurred in Mazar-i-Sharif where a suicide bomber detonated himself within the second-floor office of Mohammad Dawood Muzammil, who serves as the Taliban governor of Balkh province in Afghanistan.

The Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) has accepted responsibility for the assassination of a senior member of the Taliban administration.‎

In late 2022, Muzammil was transferred from his position as governor of Nangarhar to Balkh after having spearheaded a campaign against ISKP. Previously, the Islamic State in Khorasan Province (ISKP) had caused the demise of Abdul Haq Abu Omar, who held the position of police commander for Badakhshan province within the Taliban and a Taliban judge located in Jalalabad. The recent homicides have escalated the conflict between the Taliban and ISKP to a new level, with a significant advantage in favor of the latter.‎

Following the Taliban’s assumption of power in August 2021, the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) has emerged as a potent terrorist organization in Afghanistan. The ISKP, a Sunni organization akin to the Taliban, has repeatedly been launching assaults that directly threaten the Taliban’s power. Between August 2021 and September 2022, the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) executed almost 16 attacks against the minority Shia Hazara community in various locations, including places of worship, schools, and workplaces. These attacks resulted in the deaths of over 700 individuals. Additionally, an attack on a Sikh Gurdwara further undermined the Taliban’s commitment to ensuring the safety of all ethnic groups within the country. The events that occurred in September 2022 targeting the embassy of Russia, and in December 2022, targeting the embassy of Pakistan and a hotel accommodating Chinese diplomats and executives, appear to undermine the security measures implemented by the Taliban to safeguard the limited number of countries that maintain their embassies in Kabul.‎

The elimination of Taliban soldiers and officials, as well as the perpetuation of assaults in close proximity to Taliban offices, represent a direct challenge to the Islamic Emirate. This conveys the notion that, ultimately, ISKP may become an existential challenge to the Taliban.‎

From August 2021 onwards, the Taliban has exhibited a range of responses to the presence of ISKP on Afghan soil, including denying its existence and portraying the group as feeble and insignificant. The Taliban administration has declined any foreign help addressing the ISKP issue, emphasizing its self-sufficiency in handling the matter. Consistently, after an ISKP assault, the Taliban conducts a raid on an ISKP safe haven located in Kabul or other areas, eliminating the purported culprits responsible for the attacks. The elimination of Qari Fateh, purportedly the intelligence head of ISKP, during a Taliban operation in Kabul in February 2023 was deemed a triumph in addressing the assaults on the diplomatic establishments of Russia, Pakistan, and China. In the initial month of 2023, eight members of the ISKP were reported to have been eliminated in the provinces of Kabul and Nimroz. According to a representative of the Taliban, the individuals killed were allegedly involved in the perpetration of attacks on a hotel in Kabul, the Embassy of Pakistan, and the airport in Kabul.‎

However, despite the Taliban’s public assertions that they are in charge, the group is uneasy about ISKP’s inevitable rise to power. International evaluations indicate that in the roughly 18 months from August 2021, ISKP’s strength has increased from 3,000 to 6,000, nearly doubling. The group’s presence in each of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces was certified by the UN representative to Afghanistan in November 2021. Evidently, the organization’s potential has not been much diminished by the numerous raids by Taliban soldiers that reportedly result in the deaths of ISKP members. At least once in early March, ISKP asserted that the Taliban raids that were widely reported upon were phony, just as the execution of the Taliban’s captive members of the group.‎

The failure of the Taliban to stop the violence of the ISKP can be broadly characterized as the failure of a former insurgent force to become a successful counterinsurgent force. On another level, the capacity issue might also be brought on by the connections a significant Taliban faction has with the ISKP. Former Afghan intelligence officers believe the Haqqani Network’s historical ties to the ISKP have persisted. The Interior Ministry is under the supervision of Sirajuddin Haqqani, and the Haqqanis are a strong political force in the Islamic Emirate. The connection may have forced the Islamic Emirate to carry out showy raids and make dubious claims about weakening the ISKP.‎

Furthermore, the power struggle between the Haqqani Network and the Taliban’s top leadership based in Kandahar may potentially be facilitating the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISK-P) in executing significant attacks, such as the assassination of Balkh governor Muzammil. Muzammil was affiliated with the Noorzai tribe, which bears a resemblance to the current Taliban leader Hibatullah Akhundzada, and exhibited unwavering loyalty. Towards the end of 2022, Akhundzada terminated the services of Qudratullah Abu Hamza, the governor of Balkh and a member of the Haqqani Network, and designated Muzammil as his successor. In 2021, Hamza, a Tajik individual, reportedly spearheaded Taliban military efforts to seize Mazar-i-Sharif. As per the statement made by the representative of the National Resistance Front, the replacement of Hamza may have incited discord within the Taliban, leading the Haqqanis to enable the ISKP assault on Muzammil potentially. This observation could elucidate the circumstance in which the suicide bomber successfully penetrated several layers of security to access the governor.    ‎

Despite the veracity of these narratives, the gradual consolidation and expansion of ISKP in the upcoming months is a significant possibility.

The ability of the Taliban to weaken ISKP has not been demonstrated, and they are not inclined to accept any external cooperation to enhance their capacity.

The statement above affirms the apprehensions articulated by neighboring nations that Afghanistan, under Taliban rule, may devolve into a secure refuge and springboard for terrorist activities.‎

The ultimate goal of ISKP extends beyond the geographical boundaries of Afghanistan. In the absence of a regional consensus-based approach, the region’s future may be characterized by instability and heightened levels of violence. So, to handle this situation efficiently, the Taliban Government should bring regional players to the table and ask for their help to maintain peace and stability in their territory.

Current US-China Bilateral Ties in Deep Freeze

By
Ambassador Syed Sajjad Haider
-
0

President Xi has highlighted challenges arising out of America’s containment policy. Bilateral relations between China and the US seem to be not vibrant at present.

Reports suggest that President Joe Biden had sought a call with his Chinese counterpart President Xi to lessen tensions arising out of the balloon incident and the announcement on AUKUS( Beijing has accused the three countries of fueling an arms race on the provision of nuclear-powered submarines to Australia). He had expected that the conversation could take place after Xi had been re-elected President by the People’s Congress, which concluded in March of this year. The Chinese side is yet to respond. In the same vein, efforts by the US Secretary of Defence Austin to talk to his Chinese counterpart after the balloon shoot down by the US have not been productive. The incident also led to the cancellation of the visit of Secretary of State Antony Blinken to Beijing.

The Blinken visit was aimed at promoting and bringing some normalcy following the Biden-Xi meeting at the G20 meeting in Bali, Indonesia in November 2022.  China must make clear its intention to continue to engage with the United States, the Secretary of State also said. An indication of rising tension is President Xi’s remarks that have named the US. “West led by the US have contained and suppressed us in a way, bringing challenges to our development”, he said. China has been under intense pressure from the slowing of its export market and economy of approximately three percent growth in the year 2022, the second worst annual growth in nearly half a century. Currently, the US remains China’s largest trading partner, however, China’s exports to the US were down by 15 percent, though its imports increased by around three percent.

On the military front, the US believes that China plans for an invasion of Taiwan. If this happens, the consequences of this adventurism will be lethal for both countries. Apparently, China will not aggravate the situation further. It doesn’t have the military capacity to overwhelm the island. It lacks the capability for bringing all kinds of support needed to occupy the island. Many also suspect that the Chinese strategy could be different, focusing on partially blockading the island, and cutting off its communication links.

Such blockades would deny key imports to the US. However, China would not achieve, rather would gain condemnation from the West. The economy will be badly affected, as they import 20 percent of medicines and medical supplies from the US. The American consumer electronics sector too would have a major problem as China is a crucial supplier of lithium batteries for mobile phones and electric vehicles. There would be an impact, too in other sectors of trade such as apparel, furniture, machinery, automobiles, telecom equipment, etc

In case some skirmishes occur, the consequences for China could be dangerous First, China is dependent on importing energy resources and Second it imports vast quantities of food.

Some of the oil and gas vulnerability will also be reduced by the pipeline delivery between China and suppliers in Central Asia and Russia. Around 80 percent of China’s imported oil transits through the Indian Ocean from all over the world, especially from the Middle East.

Real vulnerability will happen in the area of food for domestic consumption as China is the world’s largest importer of poultry, meat, dairy products, as well as animal feed. Despite tensions in the region, it is still the largest agricultural export market in the US. As China’s population increases in number this vulnerability will cause severe strain on the food supply.

The Chinese may have the capacity to keep the US at a safe distance from the mainland and Taiwan, but the US navy remains the most challenging and formidable power in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. For many decades China has been promoting the idea of self-reliance and supply chain resilience. China now leads the world in advanced technologies relating to space, robotics, energy, the environment, biotechnology, and AI, etc.

China expects that it will get over its external and internal challenges by making advancements and development of its science and technology with an emphasis on self-reliance and reducing its dependency on global supply chains.

Any war over the Taiwan issue would unfold in a different way. China remains inter-dependent on the rest of the world. Whether it will decide on going to war path is something no one can foretell. China has always been a peace-loving country. So the onus is for the US to spell out real intention  towards China.

America seems to be on a thorny crusade right now. Messing with China can impact the entire European economy. And that the US does not want to happen. There are no effective tools to reach China except to promote peace in the region and beyond.

Beyond Power Games: A New Approach to Restoring Human Security in the Middle East

By
Musfirah Rashid
-
0

Middle Eastern region presents an unsettling picture of Human Security. Since the dawn of the Cold War the region remains a new theater of unrest, from Civil war to inter-state conflicts prevails a scary security image. According to Global Security Index 2022, the security conditions of the region are terrifying. The worst-performing state includes Yemen, Syria, and Palestine.

The recent growth of a few countries is often shown as a positive picture but that didn’t make the whole Middle East peaceful.

According to estimates, Yemen is projected to have 21 million people that need humanitarian aid and protection by the end of 2023. People are denied their basic rights. Yemen accounted for one of the five nations with the worst rankings for women’s political emancipation, economic involvement, and educational attainment in 2021. Additionally, it came in third-to-last place out of 170 nations in the Global Women Peace and Security Index for 2021–2022. Syria and Palestine depict quite similar pictures. The world community needs to take a stand to ensure human safety and security.

As new events unfold in the region, there is a ray of hope that the deteriorating human security can be restored. A masterstroke by Chinese President Xi Jinping, forging the historic rapprochement between Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, proved to be a fresh breeze in the Middle Eastern region.

The intense war is a result of enduring animosity between Iran and Saudi Arabia, resulting in dilapidated human security. The blame game is used for insurgencies and backing different non-state actors only affects the lives of those living there. Global actors have always fanned animosity between these two Middle Eastern nations by perusing their regional ambitions as a “zero-sum” game. China brokered the deal to start a new wave of debate on how the future relations between the Middle Eastern region will pave out. Immediately, after the announcement of opening embassies, Saudi Arabia divulges, a government initiative to discontinue eight years of long-standing war in Yemen. Saudi proclamation came as fresh air for the people living in all the states involved.

Now is the time and space for global actors to think beyond power games and rather than involving in competition they should rivet on the stability and development in the region. America the leading global power and a close ally of Saudi Arabia should craft its policy that aligns with its peace initiative. The humanitarian aid gap that leaves Yemen’s displaced to fend for themselves, itches for a new turn.

The grim image of humanitarian assistance in 2023, of the $4.3 billion the UN is requesting, donors only pledged $1.2 billion at a conference at the end of February.

WFP curtailed both the volume of food it dispenses and the frequency with which it does so due to the funding crunch.  The words and numbers are scary but the on-ground reality is even scarier. As the new door opens for negotiations and collaboration, we defiantly should not miss this opportunity to revive human security before the region made a graveyard.

Analyzing China’s Peace Plan for Ukraine Crisis

By
Yusra Azam
-
0

China’s peace plan for Ukraine, which was proposed in February 2023, is a 12-point proposal aimed at resolving the conflict in Ukraine through diplomatic means. The plan includes proposals for a ceasefire, the withdrawal of foreign forces, the establishment of a demilitarized zone, and the formation of a national unity government.

China has mainly played a diplomatic role in the conflict, but if the parties to the conflict agree to engage it more, China might play a more important role in finding a solution.

However, it is important to note that any resolution to the Ukraine conflict would ultimately need to be agreed upon by the conflicting parties themselves and would require a willingness to engage in dialogue and make compromises. The success of any peace plan would depend on the willingness of the conflicting parties to engage in negotiations and make compromises, as well as the involvement of other key stakeholders such as the United States and the European Union.

The principles of non-interference in the domestic affairs of other countries and upholding neutrality in international disputes have long been guiding principles for China’s foreign policy. The “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,” as this policy is known, were first stated by China in the 1950s and have since served as a foundational concept for Chinese foreign policy. By this principle, China has usually sought to uphold neutrality in disputes involving other countries and to advance diplomatic efforts to settle disputes peacefully. But China may choose sides in some conflicts if it believes that its national interests are at stake, so it is essential to keep in mind that China’s foreign policy is not always purely neutral. For instance, China has backed Pakistan in conflicts with India and has backed North Korea in its conflict with South Korea and the United States.

As for the Ukraine crisis, China has shown support for Russia in the informational and, secondarily, diplomatic realms. China has cooperated with Russia in terms of security though it didn’t give any direct military assistance to Russia.

How much is this Peace Plan Feasible?

The feasibility of China’s 12-point peace plan for Ukraine with certainty. However, the feasibility of any peace plan depends on a variety of factors, including the willingness of the conflicting parties to engage in dialogue and make compromises, the involvement of other key stakeholders, and the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

The conflict in Ukraine is a complex and long-standing issue, and any efforts to resolve it must consider the interests and concerns of all parties involved. The feasibility of China’s peace plan will depend on how well the proposed measures address the underlying issues that led to the conflict, and how well they are received by the conflicting parties.

It is worth noting that China is a major global power with significant influence in international affairs. As such, its involvement in efforts to resolve the conflict in Ukraine could be a positive development, particularly if it helps to bring the conflicting parties to the negotiating table and facilitates productive dialogue and compromise. However, the conflict in Ukraine is a deeply entrenched issue that has defied resolution for many years, and any peace plan will face significant challenges and obstacles. Ultimately, the success of China’s 12-point peace plan will depend on a variety of factors, including the commitment and cooperation of all parties involved, the effectiveness of the proposed measures, and the ability of the international community to provide support and assistance as needed.

Ukrainians think that China has come late in proposing the peace plan officially, they want their territory back which is being invaded by Russia although Russia is denying to give those territories back to Ukraine as they have done referendums in those territories and the people there want to be part of Russia, the results of these referendums are not being accepted by the International community. So, if Russia does not give back those territories to Ukraine, then it is difficult to solve the whole conflict.

Ukraine has not explicitly rejected China’s efforts to position itself as a potential mediator in the conflict between Russia and that state.

The first principle of the Chinese proposal, which calls for respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, was supported by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

But he said that any peace agreement that did not lead to a complete Russian departure from all of the Ukrainian land had been doomed to failure.

Why can’t China stain its relationship with Russia?

China and Russia have a long history of diplomatic, economic, and military cooperation, and their relationship is based on mutual interests and respect. Both countries have common goals and share similar positions on a range of issues in global politics, such as opposition to the U.S. global dominance and support for multipolar world order.

Furthermore, China and Russia have deep economic ties, particularly in the energy sector, and have been working together to advance their strategic interests through initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union.

Given these factors, it would not be in China’s interest to risk damaging its relationship with Russia. While there may be differences and occasional disagreements between the two countries, they have shown a willingness to resolve them through dialogue and cooperation. Therefore, China is unlikely to take actions that could significantly damage its relationship with Russia. China may not want to stain its relationship with Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian war due to a few factors;

  1. Strategic Interests: China has strategic interests in maintaining a strong relationship with Russia, including economic, energy, and security ties. These interests could be jeopardized if China were to take a strong stance against Russia in the conflict.
  2. Non-Interference Policy: China has a long-standing policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. This policy means that China is unlikely to take sides in conflicts like the Russo-Ukrainian war, as doing so could be seen as interfering in the affairs of another country.
  3. Ukraine is not a strategic partner: While China has diplomatic ties with Ukraine, it does not have the same level of strategic partnership with Ukraine as it does with Russia. China’s economic ties with Ukraine are relatively small compared to its ties with Russia.

Conclusion:

China has always shown neutrality in the Ukraine Crisis but if we dig more into this matter then we can find that China is not explicitly neutral. Like every other state China is also concerned about its national interest and does not want to take any sort of damage regarding its economy as discussed above China does have a great economic interest in Russia if the war continues then it will also affect the economy of both counties. Other than economic interests China is also against Western influence and Russia also shares the same thought so it is likely for these two states to support each other in some way. China’s Peace Plan for this ongoing conflict can only come in handy if both parties agree to compromise and show cooperation but Ukraine wants its territory back which Russia is not willing to do.

Israel΄s Blatant Violation of Status Quo Agreement

By
Tayyaba Khurshid
-
0

Within the framework of efforts and discussions aimed at reaching a lasting and peaceful resolution between Israel and Palestine, Jerusalem has presented itself as the most arduous issue among those that were deferred for future negotiation following the Oslo Accords.

The Al-Aqsa Mosque/al-Haram al-Sharif has emerged as the primary impediment in the stalemate, exacerbated by Israel’s persistent and recurrent breaches of the Status Quo in Jerusalem.

The establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 on Palestinian territory, following the British mandate and a decision to grant the Jews land to settle, has been a source of conflict between the Arab world, Palestine and  Israel with regard to the rights of Palestinians over the occupied territory. Over time, subsequent wars have resulted in Israel gaining more territory, while the Arab world later prioritized its own interests, leaving the people of Palestine without support. The Oslo Accord and Abraham Accord have led to the normalization of relations between Arab states and Israel, yet without addressing the ongoing suffering of Palestinians. Recent events, such as the Israeli forces’ attack on worshipers offering prayers in Al-Aqsa Mosque, have drawn international condemnation for their brutality against innocent people. Israeli forces reportedly rushed into the mosque, deploying stun grenades, tear gas, sponge-tipped bullets, and using batons and rifle butts to beat worshipers, resulting in the injury of 31 Palestinians and the arrest and torture of nearly 450 men.

The Al-Aqsa Mosque holds tremendous significance for Muslims across the globe, and it serves as a place of worship for Palestinians. Under the Status Quo arrangement, the administration of Al-Aqsa Mosque rests with a Muslim entity, the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, which is under the guardianship of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. This custodianship has been frequently reasserted and acknowledged by the global community, including the United Nations, UNESCO, the Arab League, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. Additionally, it was formally recognized in the 1994 peace treaty between Jordan and Israel. However, the Israeli victory in the 1967 war and its subsequent occupation of Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip enabled it to unilaterally claim control over Eastern Jerusalem, where the Al-Aqsa Mosque is situated. In its pursuit of colonial ambitions, Israel implemented domestic laws that have been condemned by the United Nations Security Council as a violation of international law. Despite the such condemnation, Israel remains steadfast in its pursuit of these aspirations, and in 1980, it declared Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The UN passed Resolution 478, deeming this move a blatant violation of international law . Contrary to the terms of the Status Quo Agreement after the occupation of East Jerusalem in 1967, the Israeli authorities seized control of the al-Buraq Wall and confiscated the keys to the al-Magharbeh Gate.

They also razed the Moroccan Quarter, which had stood since the 12th century and comprised of 135 houses and three mosques. In its place, they constructed what is now known as the Western Plaza.

Gradually from occasional breaches and violations of the agreement, Israel moved on further and restored access to the site to Jews and another non-Muslims contrary to the Status quo since August 2003.

The recent attack on worshippers is again a violation of the agreement. The Israeli occupation forces currently control the entrance of both Muslims and non-Muslims to the Temple Mount site, with non-Muslims only allowed to enter through one gate.

Temple Mount groups and Israeli extremists also enter from this gate, despite regulations banning military fatigues. Since 2003 Israeli forces have not only limited access of Muslim worshippers to the Holy Site and even went as far as prohibiting Palestinian Muslims from entering their holy site while allowing exclusive access to Jews.

The Al-Aqsa compound used to be a Muslim holy site that non-Muslims are only allowed to visit during regulated hours. However, there have been attempts by Temple Mount activists, including Israeli government officials, to secure the right to hold Jewish prayers at the site, despite the prohibition on non-Muslim prayers. These attempts are seen by Muslims and Palestinians as provocative and a violation of the Status Quo, arousing fears of an Israeli partition plan for the holy site. Along with that, under the Status Quo, the Waqf is responsible for excavations and maintenance of the Al-Aqsa Mosque site, but Israel has conducted illegal excavations and prohibited tractors and trucks from operating on the site under Waqf supervision. Additionally, the Israeli occupation forces have repeatedly attacked the site, desecrating the prayer hall and intimidating worshippers.

The settler-colonial agenda of Israel is the driving force behind these breaches of the Status Quo, as evidenced by the annual “flag march” celebrating Israel’s occupation of the eastern part of Jerusalem, during which Israeli settlers were allowed to storm into Al-Aqsa, raising Israeli flags, and recite Jewish prayers. Hence, the recent attack on worshippers is a continuous practice of Israeli forces since their occupation of East Jerusalem. It highlights Israel’s ambition to have full control over the area and to establish the third temple. As per the Jewish tradition, the first and second temples were erected at the site, and it is believed that the arrival of the Messiah will witness the rebuilding of the third temple at the same location. Orthodox Jewish law staunchly prohibits Jews from visiting the site as they perceive it as sacred land. Nevertheless, several Zionist religious organizations supported by eminent personalities from the Israeli political landscape have emerged with the principal aim of expediting the construction of the temple and guaranteeing Jewish rights to pray on the Mount.

The international community has expressed concern over this incident and called on Israel to halt the ongoing brutality against innocent individuals.

The actions of the Israeli authorities in East Jerusalem, including their seizure of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and other historical sites, are a gross violation of international law and have no legal or moral basis. It is imperative that the international community takes swift and decisive action to hold Israel accountable for its actions and ensure the preservation of these holy sites for future generations. The Al-Aqsa Mosque must remain under Palestinian control as per the Status Quo arrangement and Israel must respect the religious affiliation of Palestinean people towards Al-Aqsa.

1...133134135...146Page 134 of 146

Stratheia aims to be a global pioneer in the field of strategic intelligence. Our independent team of researchers cover topics ranging from the latest geopolitical events, to public policy, cyber security, and intelligence analytics.

Share with Us

Opinions, Analysis, and Rebuttals.

Write for us
About Us
Writers Pool

© All Rights Reserved. Stratheia, 2024